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Metabolic Engineering for the Production of a Variety of Biofuels and Biochemicals
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
In industry, a limited number of platform cell factories have been employed for the production of a wide range of fuels and chemicals (Papagianni 2012, Peralta-Yohya et al. 2012, Keasling 2010). The most popular platform cell factories may be Escerichia coli due to the advantages of high cell growth rate and well-known physiolosical characteristics (Huffer et al. 2012, Chen et al. 2013, Vickers et al. 2012, Clomburg and Gonzalez 2010). In the case of bioethanol production, much interest has centered on S. cerevisiae in view of tolerance against ethanol and various other stresses (Kondo et al. 2012, Hasunuma et al. 2011). Zymomonas mobilis and its related microorganisms have also been used for ethanol fermentation and others. Chrostridium acetobutyricum has been considered for aceton-butanolethanol fermentation and others. The gram-positive soil bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and the related species have also been used in industrial production of L-amino acids, while the potentials of biofuels and biochemicals production by Corynebacterium sp. have also been shown. Pseudomonas putida can overcome the toxicity using efflux pumps, and Bacillus subtilis can change its cell-wall composition in response to solvent toxicity. Lactobacillus brevis digests hexose and pentose sugars with high tolerance to high concentration of solvents such as butanol.
Gut microbiota of cattle and horses and their use in the production of ethanol and lactic acid from timothy hay
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Alaa Emara Rabee, Mebarek Lamara, Suzanne L. Ishaq
It is necessary to use suitable microbial strains in the fermentation step. In this study, to ferment soluble sugars (glucose and xylose) to lactic acid, a co-culture of two bacterial strains was used Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus fermentum. Zhang and Vadlani [2] reported that L. brevis uses glucose and xylose simultaneously to produce lactic acid, and the lactic yield was improved when it was co-cultivated with other strains that use glucose only, which led to the consumption of xylose by L. brevis. Furthermore, the microbial consortium could tolerate inhibitor substances in lignocellulosic hydrolysate [54]. On the other side, ethanol production in this study was conducted using Candida tropicalis, which uses xylose and glucose in ethanol production [60].
Chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass: A critical comparison between biochemical, microwave and thermochemical conversion methods
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Iris K. M. Yu, Huihui Chen, Felix Abeln, Hadiza Auta, Jiajun Fan, Vitaly L. Budarin, James H. Clark, Sophie Parsons, Christopher J. Chuck, Shicheng Zhang, Gang Luo, Daniel C.W Tsang
Other successful bulk chemicals include lactic acid. There has been a rapid and steady increase in global lactic acid production since 2008, mainly driven by the demand in the bakery industry and the development of lactic acid esters and poly(lactic acid). The lactic acid market is approximately 1 million tonnes, in which PLA amounts to approximately 200,000 tonnes. Currently all lactic acid produced biologically is from first generation feedstocks, and the cost of raw materials is one of the key impacts on the lactic acid economy. Research is ongoing to process lignocellulosic biomass. For example, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus pentosus have been used in a mixed culture to produce lactic acid using wheat straw hemicelluloses (Eş et al., 2018). Significant work in process intensification and SSF for lactic acid production has been published recently, producing second generation lactic acid, which is potentially cost comparable to lactic acid from first generation sources (Marques et al., 2017).