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Level Set Methods for Cardiac Segmentation in MSCT Images
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Level Set Method in Medical Imaging Segmentation, 2019
Ruben Medina, Sebastian Bautista, Villie Morocho, Alexandra La Cruz
An example for a patient with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) is shown in Figures 7.23 and 7.24. The patient has a left ventricle mass of 182 grams and a left ventricle mass index of 141 g/m2 in the moderately abnormal range with a Relative Wall Thickness (RWT) index of 0.78 corresponding to concentric hypertrophy. The contours obtained with the automatic segmentation are shown in Figure 7.23. In this case the contours are shown overlaid with the input image in three standard views axial, coronal and sagittal. Even when the contrast is poor for determining the actual external wall contour, the level set based algorithm is able to attain a feasible solution that recovers a ventricle shape that matches the anatomical information provided by this 3-D image. The 3-D representation of the myocardial segmentation is shown in Figure 7.24 where the endocardial shape is overlaid with the shape representing the external wall of the left ventricle. Three views of the segmentation results are shown where the width of the left ventricle wall is clearly larger than the cases shown in Figure 7.22.
The role of a Simplified Selvester Score as a predictor of successful fibrinolytics in STEMI
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
Syaifullah, I.N. Kaoy, Z. Mukhtar, H. Hasan, N.Z. Akbar, H.A.P. Lubis
This study has some limitations. First, our study was a single centre study. Second, using the complete version of the scoring system (54 criteria for a total of 32 points) might have changed the results. The simplified version may underestimate infarct size because it excludes posterior extension of inferior infarcts. Third, we studied patients with their first STEMI, where this scoring system performs best, so the results are not applicable to patients with previous MI. We also excluded patients with left bundle branch block, left anterior or posterior fascicular block, left ventricular hypertrophy or right ventricular hypertrophy. Fourth, we used only SK for TLT which has a lower reperfusion, patency and TIMI-3 flow rate than the newer generation of thrombolytics (e.g. alteplase, reteplase or TNK-t-PA).
Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Traffic-related air pollution is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and cardiovascular death,552,581 as shown previously. Air pollution may affect the left ventricle through oxidative stress, inflammation, and autonomic dysfunction, and these mechanisms could also affect the RV.659,740,741 These effects are seen in the majority of the chemically sensitive heart vascular patients treated in Dallas. There are symptoms of vasculitis and cardiovascular disease in the earlier stages. The lungs have substantial exposure to traffic-related air pollution and inhalants, which may directly increase RV afterload and lead to disproportionately greater changes in the RV compared to the left ventricle.742,743 The impact of traffic-related air pollution on the RV, however, is not well studied. However, Leary et al.744 have emphasized epidemiologically in situations that the EHC-Dallas has observed over the last 30 years of studying patients in the controlled environments.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) diagnosis using echocardiography and electrocardiography
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Yasna Forghani, Hamid Behnam, Maryam Shojaeifard
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined by left ventricular wall thickness more than 13 mm. LVH is caused by physiological origins, such as the athlete’s heart, and pathological ones, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) (Yilmaz and Sechtem 2014). Cardiologists commonly face LVH patients with unknown origin, therefore, the exact differentiation is vital in therapeutic and prognosis procedure. HCM is the most usual inherited heart disease (Gaziano and Gaziano 2012; de Oliveira Antunes and Scudeler 2020) with the prevalence about 0.2%. Differentiating HCM from HHD in some cases is challenging (Kato et al. 2004; Williams et al. 2009) and none of the single echocardiographic criteria is enough, thus, family history and clinical examinations are essential (Williams et al. 2009). Although differences between ECG or echocardiography criteria in HCM and HHD patients is insignificant, a study according to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has shown that total longitudinal strain in HCM patients is reduced because of myocardial fibrosis (Puntmann et al. 2010).
Association of electrocardiographic left and right ventricular hypertrophy with physical fitness of military males: The CHIEF study
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Wei-Hsiung Chao, Fang-Ying Su, Felicia Lin, Yun-Shun Yu, Gen-Min Lin
Electrocardiographic (ECG) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as a marker standing for anatomical LVH, is prevalent in individuals with high levels of physical activity. Previous studies have reported 20–50% of military males or athletes identified with ECG-LVH (Grossman, Prokupetz, Koren-Morag, Grossman, & Shamiss, 2012; Lin et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 1999) However, the correlation between ECG and imaging-based LVH is estimated to be only 25% (Su et al., 2017). This finding suggested that cardiac electricity might be enhanced by exercise training as well. Both ECG- and imaging-based LVH have been associated with a higher risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation and clinical cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients and the general population at middle-to-old ages (Chrispin et al., 2014; Kohsaka et al., 2005).