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Advances in Osteoarthritis of the Hip
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, 2018
Pratham Surya, Sriram Srinivasan, Dipen K. Menon
The most common symptoms of hip OA are joint pain and stiffness. In the advanced stages, there may be hip deformity or leg length discrepancy. The pain is usually localised in the groin, thigh or buttock. The pain is aggravated by activities that require lifting, walking and twisting of the body. Patients can present with rest pain, start-up pain as well as nocturnal pain. The pain tends to worsen with activity, especially following a period of rest. The hip can stiffen after a period of rest, and this has been called the gel phenomenon. OA can cause morning stiffness, but it usually lasts for less than 30 minutes, unlike rheumatoid arthritis, which can cause stiffness for 45 minutes or more. Patients may report joint locking or instability. These symptoms impair the QoL in affected individuals [19,20].
Influence of seasonal and diurnal FWD measurements on deflection-based parameters for rigid pavements
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Hamad Bin Muslim, Syed Waqar Haider, Karim Chatti
Slab curling, as discussed earlier, is also known to affect the joint and crack behavior of the PCC slabs. Expansion of the slab in elevated temperatures coupled with slab curling may cause the joint to lock. Such joint locking results in reduced or equal joint deflections and higher LTE, while the opposite is true in winters when joints open due to contraction resulting from lower temperatures. A study on the evaluation of LTE measurements concluded that (Shoukry et al. 2005): LTE is a complex parameter that depends on many factors, including load position, testing time, slab temperature, and load transfer device.Testing time and season have a significant effect on the measured LTE. For the same joint, LTE measured in winter was less than that measured in summer.Joint opening changes daily and seasonally as the ambient temperature changes. As the joint opening amount increases due to slab contraction during winter, the measured LTE generally decreases.LTE increases as the slab temperature increases.