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Eczema
Published in Dag K. Brune, Christer Edling, Occupational Hazards in the Health Professions, 2020
Approximately 90% of the occupational skin diseases are contact eczemas. The diagnosis of occupational irritant contact dermatitis should be based on the following criteria: the clinical state of the skin lesion indicates an eczema; occupational exposure to a skin irritant occurred at the time of onset; the location of the eczema corresponds to the exposure; the eczema improves considerably within days or a week once exposure stops; reexposure causes the eczema to recur. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis may be diagnosed on the basis of the same criteria, but requires a positive skin test to an occupational allergen. Generally allergic contact dermatitis is more acute and vesicular than irritant eczema. These guidelines for the diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis summarized in Table 1 may seem simple, but in the individual case, the problem may be very complex. It can prove extremely difficult to evaluate the relative importance of an intrinsic factor such as a previous atopic dermatitis as an etiologic factor in hand dermatitis. Furthermore, it may be difficult to evaluate the importance of occupational vs. domestic exposure to irritants and allergens.
Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Wearable products may cause skin irritation, most often from the material (textile, film, fur) used to make the product. Individuals vary in their sensitivity to materials; some people are highly sensitive while others have no reaction. When severe, the irritation is called contact dermatitis. According to the Mayo Clinic, “contact dermatitis is a red, itchy rash caused by a substance that comes into contact with the skin. The rash isn’t contagious or life-threatening, but it can be very uncomfortable” (MayoClinic.org, 2017). Contact dermatitis from adhesives, plastic, and metals is likely to influence the viability of wearable technology. Contact dermatitis is divided into two categories: irritant contact dermatitis (nonspecific skin damage from friction and chemicals like detergents) and allergic contact dermatitis (poison ivy and fragrances). Allergic contact dermatitis tends to get worse over time. Irritant contact dermatitis goes away when the irritant is removed.
Occupational Dermatosis and Eye Hazard
Published in Ronald Scott, of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Irritation of the skin as the result of direct action on skin tissues is termed irritant contact dermatitis. Such irritation may be the result of direct chemical damage to cells, physical damage such as might be caused by sharp particles, the long-term effects of removing skin oils, or a combination of these causes. Irritating chemicals are estimated to be the cause of 75–80% of all work-related contact dermatitis (Shmunes, 1988).
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition comprised of two major disease subsets that are mediated by distinctive immunological mechanisms. In cases of irritant contact dermatitis, dermal contact with skin irritants triggers the emergence of localized, nonspecific skin inflammation that becomes evident shortly after exposure (min to hr) (Tan, Rasool, and Johnston 2014). Cobalt is the metal most commonly implicated in this variant of dermatitis (Turčić, Marinović-Kulišić, and Lipozenčić 2013). Comparatively, ACD involves the elicitation of adaptive immune-mediated, antigen-specific skin inflammation at the site of exposure and represents the primary dermatitis subset of interest in the context of metal allergy.
Occupational dermatoses: knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among motor vehicle repair workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Amani S. Ahmed, Ramadan Mohamed Eldahshan
Contact dermatitis constitutes approximately 90–95% of all cases of occupational skin diseases and is classified into irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The symptoms and presentation of ICD and ACD are so similar it is difficult to distinguish between the two forms of contact dermatitis without clinical testing such as patch testing [6]. Exposure to solvents and lubricants (oils and greases) and resultant mechanical blockage of pilo-sebaceous units can lead to oil acne [4].