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Nanoscopic Imaging to Understand Synaptic Function
Published in Francesco S. Pavone, Shy Shoham, Handbook of Neurophotonics, 2020
Daniel Choquet, Anne-Sophie Hafner
Notably, various diseases are associated with subtle to major changes in synapse organization, with some ultimately leading to synapse disappearance. Synaptic diseases – coined as synaptopathies – are now recognized as a major cause of brain disease. Mutations in over 200 genes result in disruption to the postsynaptic proteome causing over 130 brain diseases (Bayes et al., 2011). The varied manifestations of impaired perceptual processing, executive function, social interaction, communication, and/or intellectual ability in intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia appear to emerge from altered neural microstructure, function, and/or wiring rather than gross changes in neuron number or morphology (Volk et al., 2015).
Cognitive technologies
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
Some cognitive impairments are inherited. For instance, individuals with Down syndrome have an extra 21st chromosome. People with this syndrome often have intellectual functioning that is significantly below average, combined with an impaired ability to adapt to the demands of everyday functioning. Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder. It is the number one form of inherited intellectual disability with one in approximately 4000 males affected. Individuals with fragile X have intellectual impairments that range from a mild learning disability and a normal IQ to severe intellectual disability and autistic behaviors (Cornish, Turk, & Hagerman, 2008; Garber, Visootsak, & Warren, 2008).
Virtual Reality Game-Based Exercises with Lead Motion Applied to Developmental Disorders
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation, 2020
Ana Grasielle Dionísio Corrêa, Natália Regina Kintschner, Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Developmental Disorders context covers the study of several disabilities, whether they are due to physical, intellectual, sensory or language, and behavioral characteristics. Among these most common deficiencies, we highlight [DSM-5]: Intellectual Disability, Communication Disorders (language and speech), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Specific Learning Disorders, Motor Disorders, and also emotional and behavioral problems.
EASIER System. Evaluating a Spanish Lexical Simplification Proposal with People with Cognitive Impairments
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Rodrigo Alarcon, Lourdes Moreno, Paloma Martínez, José A. Macías
There is a greater popular awareness of the needs of people with sensory and physical disabilities. At the same time, the cognitive barriers caused by inaccessible user interfaces, along with issues related to lack of understanding and readability of textual content, remain largely overlooked. Approximately 1–3% of the global population is affected by intellectual disabilities and around 85% of them have mild intellectual disability as reported by WHO (World Health Organization [WHO], 2011) defines it as “significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information and to learn and apply new skills.” A lack of or reduced reading comprehension is considered an intellectual disability. In the case of Spain, León et al. (2019) reported a reading understanding study with 578 people (447 with intellectual disability and 131 were control Group). This study shows that considering the difficulty of texts, 70% of people with intellectual disability were able to understand easy-to-read texts, and the remaining 30% required additional adaptations to understand written information.
Designing a Digital Assistant for Developing a Life Plan
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Audrey Landuran, Bernard N’Kaoua
Today, the use of Assistive Technology is a major element in helping people with intellectual disability (ID) and thus supports the work of caregivers. Indeed, it offers opportunities for feedback, error-free, individualized and autonomous learning (Feng et al., 2010), adaptation to the needs and capacities of each individual (Lussier-Desrochers et al., 2013) and allows the time devoted by caregivers to be reduced (Davies et al., 2001; Mechling, 2007). As indicated by Mallin and De Carvalho (2015), although the term Assistive Technology has a polysemic characteristic, it is defined as: “an area of the knowledge, of interdisciplinary characteristic, that includes products, resources, methodologies, strategies, practices and services that aim to promote the functionality, related to the activity and participation, of people with disability, incapacities or reduced mobility, seeking their autonomy, independence, life quality and social inclusion”.
Assistive technology for students with intellectual disability: examining special education teachers ‘ perceptions in Saudi Arabia
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Mona F. Sulaimani, Nizar H. Bagadood
With the definitions of intellectual disability changing over the years and the different terminologies used in other countries, Shree and Shukla (2016) view intellectual disability as an abnormality with enormous social effects that can transcend the people who suffer from it, to the society generally. Such individuals confine significant cognitive and adaptive behavioral impairment. At the same time, they are prone to experiencing traumatic grief symptoms such as difficulty or inability to find meaning and communication barriers. Moreover, intellectual disability constitutes an IQ below 70, slow and problem with abstract concepts, and challenges in daily living skills such as communication and group activities (Shree & Shukla, 2016).