China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
With decreased production of parathyroid hormone (hypoparathyroidism), the blood calcium level falls, which causes increased excitability of the nerves and of the neuromuscular junctions leading to a condition called tetany (this has to be distinguished from the disease tetanus which follows infection with a bacillus Clostridium tetani). In tetany, there is spasm of the hands and feet (carpo-pedal spasms). Increased excitability of the nerve cells in the brain may lead to convulsions.
Single-session high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Eleftherios Spartalis, Sotirios P. Karagiannis, Nikolaos Plakopitis, Maria Anna Theodori, Dimosthenis Chrysikos, Stavroula A. Paschou, Georgios Boutzios, Dimitrios Schizas, Michael Spartalis, Theodore Troupis, Nikolaos Nikiteas
Surgery may be considered a therapeutic option for growing, cytologically benign nodules larger than 4 cm, causing obstructive or compressive symptoms or clinical concern [1]. However, thyroid resection is associated with postoperative complications, including re-bleeding (2.1%); infection (1.6%); unilateral (3.9%) or bilateral (0.2%) paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; and transient or even permanent hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism (9.9%), after total or near-total thyroidectomy [4–6]. The last two complications might sometimes be irreversible. Furthermore, specific medical conditions preclude the administration of general anesthesia [4].
Effect of energy-based devices on post-operative parathyroid function and blood calcium levels after total thyroidectomy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Eleftherios Spartalis, Alexios Giannakodimos, Afroditi Ziogou, Ilias Giannakodimos, Stavroula A. Paschou, Michael Spartalis, Dimitrios Schizas, Theodore Troupis
A literature search of the PubMed/Medline and Scopus bibliographic databases was performed until October 27, 2020, in order to identify eligible articles. The following keywords were applied in the search fields: “Energy Based Devices AND thyroidectomy, Energy Based Hemostatic Devices AND thyroidectomy, Hemostatic Devices AND thyroidectomy, Energy Based Devices and hypoparathyroidism, Energy Based Devices AND hypocalcemia, Energy Based Devices AND parathyroids, LigaSure AND hypocalcemia, Harmonic Scalpel AND hypocalcemia, LigaSure AND hypoparathyroidism, Harmonic Scalpel AND hypoparathyroidism”[18–23].