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Therapeutic Nanostructures for Improved Wound Healing
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Lalduhsanga Pachuau, Pranab Jyoti Das, Bhaskar Mazumder
In a recent study, a hydrogel system that releases a toxin-absorbing nanosponge was developed for antivirulence treatment of local bacterial infections (Wang et al., 2015). The nanosponge consists of PLGA nanoparticles wrapped with Red Blood Cells (RBCs) membrane, which was then loaded into a hydrogel system. The nanoparticles were retained in the administration site following sub-cutaneous injection and in an MRSA-subcutaneous mouse model, mice treated with the nanosponge–hydrogel system exhibited markedly reduced development of MRSA skin lesions (Wang et al., 2015). Imiquimod, which has been observed to inhibit cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, has been incorporated into a nanosponge system based on β-cyclodextrin (Chiara et al., 2014). A high drug loading along with a slow and sustained in vitro release of the imiquimod was observed in the nanosponge system, which also exhibited a greater antiproliferative effect when compared to the free imiquimod.
Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of Natural Polymers
Published in Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain, Dilipkumar Pal, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, 2019
Abul K. Mallik, Md Shahruzzaman, Md Sazedul Islam, Papia Haque, Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
The in vivo biocompatibility and degradation behavior of thin collagen-based cell carrier (CCC) rat animal model was evaluated by Rahmanian-Schwarz et al., The results revealed no evidence of encapsulation, hypertrophic scar formation or long-term foreign body reaction and inflammation introduced by the implanted CCC and thus confirmed its high biocompatibility (Rahmanian-Schwarz et al., 2014). The implanted CCC also showed low irritability, complete resorption, and replacement by autologous tissue, which encouraged its application in surgical applications and regenerative medicine. The implanted CCC was completely degraded after 42 days of subcutaneous implantation.
Controlled Therapeutic Delivery in Wound Healing
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Adam Jorgensen, Zishuai Chou, Sean Murphy
One method that has been used to employ a large array of growth factors and cytokines is by utilizing highly bioactive antimicrobial and immunomodulatory biological products, including the amniotic membrane (AM). The AM develops from extraembryonic tissue and consists of a fetal component (the chorionic plate) and a maternal component (the decidua). The innermost layer of the AM nearest to the fetus is the amniotic epithelium, which is formed of a single layer of cells arranged on the basement membrane, one of the thickest membranes found among human tissues and which is known to have important roles in fetal development, immune regulation, and defense against infection [66]. The use of the amnion for wound healing purposes is well documented for the treatment of chronic and acute wounds [67–72]. It has been shown that amnion-treated burns demonstrated reduced scarring and faster healing times; moreover, there was less pain associated with changing the dressings in patients using amnion dressings, and wound exudation was also reduced [73]. One of the first studies using cultured amnion dressings was performed in 15 patients with chronic leg ulcers, which was conducted in 1980 by Fauk et al., in which the amnion dressing improved the formation of profuse granulation tissue, increased capillary density compared to ulcers receiving standard treatments, and decreased connective tissue fibers [74]. Mohammadi et al. demonstrated a reduction in hypertrophic scar formation in the amnion dressing group compared to the conventional skin grafting group [69]. In a randomized trial in a pediatric population with second-degree burns, Branski et al. compared the standard topical treatment containing antibiotics to decellularized amnion dressings. They found that patients treated with AM experienced faster total healing times and fewer dressing changes. No differences were observed in scar formation and infection rates between the two groups [72].
Medical textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2020
Prolonged healing or genetic predisposition may result in a hypertrophic or a keloid scar. Both are characterised by the deposition of collagen fibres and bundles within the dermis. Pressure garment therapy is considered an effective strategy for the prevention and management of abnormal scarring and to assist with scar maturation by preventing scar contraction and improving scar biomechanics [444]; this has been the main method of treating hypertrophic scars since the 1970s and can include complicated garments such as gloves [445]. The garments are designed to exert a pressure of approximately 25 mmHg on the underlying tissue in order to exceed the inherent capillary pressure and a soft, flexible and extensible fabric with a thickness of 3.81 mm has been recommended previously [446].
Effect of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate) amphiphilic block copolymers on dermal fibroblast viability and proliferation
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Milad Ebtedaei, Kiyumars Jalili, Najibeh Alizadeh, Hakimeh Ghaleh, Farhang Abbasi
The PEG is a great water-soluble polymer and well-known non-toxic, which is desirable for wound healing materials. PEG permits the materials to maintain their great water swelling properties, whereas PDMS improves its surface to prevent protein adsorption [5]. Fibroblast cells are precious for their role in wound healing and are prevalent cells in connective tissue. The mechanism of action is migration of these cells to the injured tissue and deposition the collagen on the damaged site [6–8]. The wound fibroblasts endure phenotypic change to become proliferative myofibroblasts within the granulation tissue, this attends to increased collagen production and results in hypertrophic scar [9,10]. Apoptosis is another cellular process known to play a great role in scar formation. The apoptosis is a mechanism that plays a great role in the progress of granulation tissue into a scar [11]. The initiation of apoptosis is tightly regulated by activation mechanisms, because once apoptosis has begun, it inevitably leads to the death of the cell. The two well-known activation mechanisms are the intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway [12,13]. A hypertrophic scar characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen gives rise to a raised scar. The hypertrophic scarring in addition to causing physical shortcoming have the psychological and aesthetic effects on some patients that offend the patients more than physical disability [14,15].
Epidermal stimulating factors-gelatin/polycaprolactone coaxial electrospun nanofiber: ideal nanoscale material for dermal substitute
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Li Yan, Haoyu Wang, Hui Xu, Rui Zheng, Zhengyu Shen
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It is essential for the survival of an organism and also acts as a barrier to the external environment [1]. However, extensive or full-thickness skin defects have little possibility of self-healing [2]. If untreated or improperly treated, the skin may encounter a prolonged inflammatory phase, delayed cellular proliferation, poor re-epithelialization, inordinate collagen re-establishment and impaired angiogenesis. This may result in chronic ulcers or hypertrophic scars, keloids, and contractures [3, 4]. Substitutes are fabricated with the aim of improving skin regeneration.