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Big Data and Transcriptomics
Published in Shampa Sen, Leonid Datta, Sayak Mitra, Machine Learning and IoT, 2018
Sudharsana Sundarrajan, Sajitha Lulu, Mohanapriya Arumugam
Various applications of microarray technology have been utilized in the area of cardiomyopathy. Some studies involved comparisons of failing and nonfailing heart, before and after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, and dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The microarray analysis of failing and nonfailing hearts provides therapeutic insights. The gene expression profile comparison identified that the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were up-regulated and genes involved in glucose metabolism were down-regulated in failing hearts. These results provide an insight into drugs prescribed to shift fatty acid to glucose metabolism. In a supervised analysis of the gene expression of the dataset of the patients with heart failure, the investigators observed changes in the pattern of gene expression at different clinical stages.12–13 In the study conducted by Steenman et al, on failing and non failing hearts, a distinct cluster of patients emerged during unsupervised analysis, who require the highest medical urgency while awaiting cardiac transplantation.14
31P
Published in Guillaume Madelin, X-Nuclei Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2022
Cardiac-gated 31P MRS in the human heart in vivo has also been proposed to investigate energy metabolism of the heart [7, 9]. Measuring changes in the levels of high-energy phosphate cardiac metabolites such as ATP and PCr (or their ratio) could provide fundamental information for heart muscle metabolism [111] for detecting and treating disorders such as coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valve disease, diabetes, and cardiac failure, and even help predict mortality [112].
Current Use and Future Promise of Genetic Engineering
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart disease that affects approximately 1 in 500 people worldwide. This disease is painful and often fatal. Some dominant gene mutations can cause hardening of the heart tissue, which may lead to chest pain, weakness, and even severe cardiac arrest. Thanks to recent medical advances, the average life expectancy of HCM patients is close to that of the average person, but if not treated in time, it can lead to life-threatening conditions.
Abnormal exercise adaptation after varying severities of COVID-19: A controlled cross-sectional analysis of 392 survivors
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Fabrício Braga, Fernanda Domecg, Marcelo Kalichsztein, Gustavo Nobre, José Kezen, Gabriel Espinosa, Christiane Prado, Marcelo Facio, Gabriel Moraes, Ilan Gottlieb, Ronaldo L. Lima, Alfred Danielian, Michael S. Emery
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected data. The COVID-19 group was composed of all consecutive patients with positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt–PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 referred for CPET evaluation at our institution from May 20th, 2020 through March 16th, 2021. Patients were tested at least 28 days after the positive rt–PCR result and after hospital discharge. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age < 18 years old; 2) history of heart failure, valvular or congenital heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive or interstitial pulmonary disease, active cancer or implanted pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator; 3) professional athletes; 4) inability to complete at least 4 min of exercise; 5) non-cycle ergometer CPET; 6) maximal perceived effort by modified Borg scale lower than 8, and 7) participation in rehabilitation or intensive exercise programme after diagnosis but before CPET. Patients with a respiratory exchange rate (RER) <1.1 were not excluded to identify those with post-COVID-19 ventilatory limitation.
Encoder Modified U-Net and Feature Pyramid Network for Multi-class Segmentation of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Taresh Sarvesh Sharan, Sumit Tripathi, Shiru Sharma, Neeraj Sharma
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deathsThese authors contributed equally to this work across the globe taking approx. 17.9 million lives every year which is 31% of global deaths in 2016 according to the World Health Organization. 85% of these deaths are due to heart attacks or strokes. In India, the number of cardiovascular disease patients increased considerably during the last decade [1,2]. In 2015, the number of patients who died due to CVDs is 25% of total deaths. The prevalence of CVDs was estimated to be 54.5 million in 2016. Recognition of CVDs is the first and most important step in the treatment and management of the patients by the healthcare system [3]. Cardiac function analysis can play an important role in the determination of abnormality in the heart such as but not limited to valve abnormality and cardiac tumor as it provides detailed structural information of the heart [4,5]. Also, several parameters for the heart can be calculated (Ejection fraction, stroke volumes) which further assist in the diagnosis of heart diseases like Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Many instruments based on imaging modality have been developed for monitoring the condition of the heart like Cardiac Magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), Echocardiography, Ultrasound, and Computed tomography. Cardiac Magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is considered as a state-of-the-art method for Cardiac function analysis [6].
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) diagnosis using echocardiography and electrocardiography
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Yasna Forghani, Hamid Behnam, Maryam Shojaeifard
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined by left ventricular wall thickness more than 13 mm. LVH is caused by physiological origins, such as the athlete’s heart, and pathological ones, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) (Yilmaz and Sechtem 2014). Cardiologists commonly face LVH patients with unknown origin, therefore, the exact differentiation is vital in therapeutic and prognosis procedure. HCM is the most usual inherited heart disease (Gaziano and Gaziano 2012; de Oliveira Antunes and Scudeler 2020) with the prevalence about 0.2%. Differentiating HCM from HHD in some cases is challenging (Kato et al. 2004; Williams et al. 2009) and none of the single echocardiographic criteria is enough, thus, family history and clinical examinations are essential (Williams et al. 2009). Although differences between ECG or echocardiography criteria in HCM and HHD patients is insignificant, a study according to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has shown that total longitudinal strain in HCM patients is reduced because of myocardial fibrosis (Puntmann et al. 2010).