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Potentials of Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Repair of Skin Defects
Published in Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov, Natural-Based Polymers for Biomedical Applications, 2017
Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov
At Day 2 after potassium dichromate application, moderate hyperemia was observed on the skin of all animals (1–1.3 scores); edemas were observed on some of the animals. At Day 6 after potassium dichromate application, hemorrhagic crust was observed on the skin (4–5 scores). In 3 days after application, the thickness of the skinfold increased to 0.83 mm, while the skinfold of intact mice was 0.58 mm thick. By Day 7, the thickness of the skinfold of the treatment mice had reached 1.7 mm. The histology of tissue samples taken from the wounds showed indications of several phases of the wound development: traumatic necrosis (alteration), inflammation, and regenerative histogenesis. Histologic examination defined the primary necrosis areas and the perinecrotic areas, which were the sites of regenerative histogenesis and adaptive restructuring of tissue elements during the subsequent treatment. In the traumatic necrosis phase, at Day 8, the animals showed epidermal necrosis, and necrosis of the stratum papillare and the reticular layer of the dermis. The average area of the burn wound was 5.01 cm2 (Figure 5.1).
Laser-based 3D bioprinting
Published in Ali Khademhosseini, Gulden Camci-Unal, 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering, 2018
Benjamin T. Vinson, S.C. Sklare, Yong Huang, Douglas B. Chrisey
Knowledge of developmental biology can provide valuable insights into TE [13]. For example, during embryonic development, tissues and organs are formed in the absence of solid scaffolds. Furthermore, although overall embryonic development is a relatively slow process, certain essential steps during histogenesis and organogenesis are relatively fast. A primary imperative in TE is a rapid tissue biofabrication [14]. As such, an alternative method for the assembly of cells and biomaterials that seeks to address the two critical TE hurdles and is defined by a developmental biology-inspired, bottom–up approach that relies on the assembly of building blocks, mimicking native functional units, into larger tissue constructs [15,16].
3D Bioprinting in Pharmaceuticals, Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Applications
Published in Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, J. Paulo Davim, Advanced Manufacturing and Processing Technology, 2020
Atul Babbar, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Ankit Sharma
This approach uses a guide comprised of embryonic organ development process to drive the tissues produced using bioprinting. The information about organ and tissue genesis along with embryonic histogenesis is must so as to control the microenvironment required for bioprinting the tissues. ISA depends upon the cell’s localization, functional, and structural characteristics. Furthermore, histogenesis and composition also play a significant role. The cellular components produce their own independent pattern and signals to cause fusion to mimic the development process in the microenvironment.
Fluidic embedding of additional macroporosity in alginate-gelatin composite structure for biomimetic application
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Arindam Banerjee, Subhayan Das, Mahitosh Mandal, Somenath Ganguly
Hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer network that can hold large volume of diffusable aqueous phase and mimic the functions of native extracellular matrix (ECM). Hydrogel from natural and synthetic polymers has been used for various biomedical applications related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell encapsulation, and wound healing [1]. The polymeric gels as tissue scaffold are meant to provide for cell-scaffold adhesion and cell proliferation before histogenesis. The gel material must remain biocompatible and undergo biodegradation over the time frame of tissue regeneration. Further, the gel scaffold is required to possess the stress-strain characteristics and interconnected pore network, comparable to the tissue to be harvested [2,3].These features are responsible for nutrient transport and cell migration within the three-dimensional (3D) scaffold [4], neovascularization [5], and favorable stress environment within the scaffold [6]. In general, the pore size, within the range of 200 to 400 µm, and significant interconnectivity between pores have been suggested for regeneration of osteoblasts and chondrocytes [7]. However, the pores with irregular sizes do not support cell in-growth and distribution. The uniform and well-aligned pores are required for consistent mechanical properties across the gel scaffold.
PEGylated TiO2 nanoparticles mediated inhibition of cell migration via integrin beta 1
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2018
Qingqing Sun, Koki Kanehira, Akiyoshi Taniguchi
Integrin beta 1, as the major fibronectin receptor on most cells, transmits cellular signaling across cell membrane to modulate cell adhesion, survival, and migration. Its endocytic trafficking is divided into two parts based on the trafficking time: one is long loop trafficking during which integrin beta 1 is recycled to the plasma membrane for new focal adhesions formation and cell migration; the other one is short loop trafficking during which integrin beta 1 is sorted and translocated to the late endosome or lysosome for degradation [45]. The equilibrium between recycling and degradation of integrin beta 1 maintains the normal cell migration, which plays a crucial part in embryo development, histogenesis, and wound healing [46].