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Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Chronic exposure to or excessive intake of iron may lead to hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis. Hemosiderosis refers to a condition in which there is generalized increased iron content in the body tissues, particularly the liver and reticuloendothelial system. Hemochromatosis, on the other hand, indicates demonstrable histologic hemosiderosis and diffused fibrotic changes of the affected organ.
Metal Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Chronic exposure to or excessive intake of iron may lead to hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis. Hemosiderosis refers to a condition in which there is generalized increased iron content in the body tissues, particularly the liver and reticuloendothelial system. Hemochromatosis, on the other hand, indicates demonstrable histologic hemosiderosis and diffused fibrotic changes of the affected organ.
The cases
Published in Chris Schelvan, Annabel Copeman, Jacky Davis, Annmarie Jeanes, Jane Young, Paediatric Radiology for MRCPCH and FRCR, 2020
Chris Schelvan, Annabel Copeman, Jacky Davis, Annmarie Jeanes, Jane Young
Skeletal deformities may be prevented by a regular transfusion programme. Haemosiderosis may occur due to frequent transfusions and increased iron absorption. It can be prevented by iron chelation with desferrioxamine or the newer oral iron chelators.
Effect of sub-chronic ferrous sulfate treatment on motor skills, hematological and biochemical parameters in rats
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2019
Mohamed Ammari, Miryam Elferchichi, Haifa Othman, Mohsen Sakly, Hafedh Abdelmelek
Iron supplements where iron exists as ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) or ferrous gluconate (C12H22FeO14) and multivitamins with iron and carbonyl iron (an iron plus carbon monoxide combination) can cause iron overload if used excessively (iron poisoning). This iron intake will usually not result in hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis if used in excess over a short period but may cause some acute symptoms of iron poisoning. Long-term intake of excessive iron supplements, however, will result in hemosiderosis (iron overload) which may then be followed by hemochromatosis (iron toxicity). Iron poisoning is one of the most common types of poisoning in children which may lead to death.15 Accidental ingestion is common because iron containing compounds are readily available, brightly colored, often sugar coated, and frequently considered harmless vitamins by parents.16 Iron supplements are typically used to treat anemia. Modalities include: diet, parasite control,17 vitamin A, riboflavin (B2),18 vitamin C (for absorption), folate (B9), vitamin B12, and multivitamin–multimineral supplements with or without iron.
Grouping schemes of welding fume exposure in shipyard welders
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
Dong-Hee Koh, Sun-Woo Lee, Byeong-Jin Ye, Jung-Il Kim
Metal fume is a major occupational hazard to many workers. Welders, foundry workers, and steel workers all have been exposed to metal fume. Welding fume contains various toxic metals such as chromium, nickel, and cadmium.[1] Hexavalent chromium and nickel can cause nasal mucosal injury and lung cancer.[2] In addition to carcinogenic effects on the lung, cadmium exposure can also cause adverse effects on kidney and bone as well as lung damage such as emphysema.[3] Welding operation itself is also a carcinogenic operation associated with the excess risk of lung cancer indicated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).[4] Iron, the most abundant constituent of welding fume, can lead to pulmonary hemosiderosis and lung injury.[5] Manganesecan cause Parkinsonism representing cognitive, psychiatric, and movement abnormalities.[6] Shielding gas can increase ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure which is associated with the excess risk of ocular melanoma,[4] and generate hazardous gases such as nitrogen oxides and ozone. CO2 gas can be converted into toxic carbon monoxide. Cleaning agents such as trichloroethylene can be converted into phosgene by UV exposure from the welding arc.[7] Cleaning agents are also considered to be associated with increased risk of kidney cancer in welders.[4]