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Terpenes and Terpenoids
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Exposure to isoprene by inhalation caused tumors at several different tissue sites in mice and rats.12 In mice of both sexes, isoprene caused blood vessel cancer (hemangiosarcoma) and benign or malignant tumors of the Harderian gland (adenoma or carcinoma) and the lung (alveolar/bronchial adenoma or carcinoma).13 In male mice, it also caused cancer of the hematopoietic system (histiocytic sarcoma) and benign or malignant tumors of the liver (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma) and for stomach (squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma). In rats of both sexes, isoprene caused benign or malignant tumors of the mammary gland (fibroadenoma or carcinoma) and kidney (renal cell adenoma or carcinoma). In male rats, it also caused benign tumors of the testes (adenoma).12–14 Inhaled isoprene appeared to initiate or trigger chemical sensitivity and some chronic degenerative diseases.
The Objectives and Goals of Dermal Carcinogenicity Testing of Petroleum Liquids
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
James J. Freeman, Richard H. McKee
In individual studies, several types of primary tumors other than squamous cell tumors of the skin initially appeared to be elevated when compared to their concurrent controls. Several tumor types were apparently elevated in only a single treatment group: liver hemangiosarcoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and astrocytoma. For each of these tumor types, there was no dose-response relationship observed when multiple doses were tested, there was no association of the tumor types with skin carcinogenic potential, and/or similar petroleum liquids did not elicit the tumor type. Thus, it was concluded that these off-site tumors were spontaneous in origin. This frequency of spontaneous tumors is not altogether unexpected, e.g., may be considered Type I statistical errors.
Perception, Planning, and Scoping, Problem Formulation, and Hazard Identification
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
The demonstration that a chemical is carcinogenic in both humans and animals with concordance of tumor site and tumor type constitutes a conclusive identification of hazard. Vinyl chloride used to manufacture PVC pipes and siding for houses causes liver hemangiosarcoma in both humans and rodents.147 However, this concordance of effects in humans and animals is hardly the norm. By far, animal experimentation without additional evidence has identified more chemicals as having the potential to produce adverse effects in humans than has any other source of information. This specific source of uncertainty consumes both time and resources in unnecessary regulatory efforts.
Aromatic amines equilibrium sorptive interaction with synthesized silica based mesoporous MCM-41: Physicochemical evaluation and isotherm modeling
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Sehaspreet Kaur Toor, Jai Prakash Kushwaha, Vikas Kumar Sangal
Aromatic amines are well known components in wide variety of wastewater including those from synthetic polymer industries, tanneries, oil refining processes and several other chemical process industries (dyes and textile, pesticides, herbicide, adhesives and rubber, pharmaceuticals, etc.).[1] Carcinogenic and mutagenic nature of aromatic amines is well known.[2] Twenty-two types of aromatic amines including 4-chloro-o-toluidine (4-COT) above 30 mg/L in effluents have been restricted by European Union Standards (1907/2006).[3] 4-COT is produced as an intermediate in pesticide industries, and its hydrochloride salt is used in manufacturing of various azo dyes for cotton silk and nylon.[4] Exposure to 4-COT can produce urinary bladder cancer and mutagenic effects in humans.[4,5] Blood-vessel tumors (hemangioma or hemangiosarcoma) in the spleen and adipose tissue in mice have also been reported due to 4-COT exposure.[6]