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Utilization of Biodiesel By-Products in Various Industrial Applications
Published in Bhaskar Singh, Ramesh Oraon, Advanced Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production, 2023
Ethanol is synthesized from crude glycerol through bio-conversion using various microbes such as E. coli, Z. mobilis, K. oxytoca, K. cryocrescens and S. cerevisiae (Hong et al., 2010). It is used in the food, fuel, pharmaceutical (in many cough and cold liquids as a solvent and/or preservative) and chemical industries (Nitayavardhana & Khanal, 2010). In the food industry, it is used as a main part of beer, wine or brandy-like alcoholic beverages. In plum pudding and fruit cake production, it is used for even distribution of food colour as well as for enhancement of the flavour of food extracts. It is used in varnish in the fuel industry. It has a higher octane number than gasoline and hence is used for 10% blending with gasoline in the United States as a fuel. In the chemical industry, it is used as a common ingredient in many cosmetics and beauty products due to its astringent quality and as a preservative and binding agent for lotion ingredients and also in hairspray as it also has adherence quality. It is also a common ingredient in many hand sanitizers due to its effectiveness against bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Disinfectants and Biocides
Published in Jeanne Moldenhauer, Disinfection and Decontamination, 2018
Hand sanitizers fall into two groups: alcohol based, which are more common, and non-alcohol based. The most commonly used alcohol-based hand sanitizers are isopropyl alcohol or some form of denatured ethanol (such as industrial methylated spirits), normally at a 70% concentration. The more common non-alcohol-based sanitizers contain either chlorhexidine or hexachlorophene. For hand sanitizers used on skin, these must not cause excessive drying and be non-irritating.
An Efficient Control Strategy for Prevention and Identification of COVID-19 Pandemic Disease
Published in Suman Lata Tripathi, Kanav Dhir, Deepika Ghai, Shashikant Patil, Health Informatics and Technological Solutions for Coronavirus (COVID-19), 2021
M. Parimaladevi, T. Sathya, V. Gowrishankar, G. Boopathi Raja, S. Nithya
The handling of several types of alcohol- or organic-based hand sanitizers and also medical disinfectants, for example, disinfectant bleach, has assumed a significant job in destroying SARS-CoV-2 virus. Also, the utilization of good quality FFP3 face covers or N95 masks forestalls severe respiratory tract diseases. Environmental disinfection, for example, surfaces and substances that can represent a hazard with suitable disinfectant is additionally suggested [32].
VOCs concentrations and emission rates in hospital environment and the impact of sampling locations
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Marko Hyttinen, Paavo Rautiainen, Joonas Ruokolainen, Jouni Sorvari, Pertti Pasanen
The concentrations of single VOCs were low, and detected compounds were typical VOCs found in houses, offices, and public buildings. The main exceptions are ethanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, and benzyl alcohol, which are more common in the hospital environment than in offices (Mazzola et al. 2003; Scheepers et al. 2017; Su et al. 2018). In addition, isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, iodopovidone, polyhexanide, chloramine, and sodium hypochlorite are other common antibacterial agents or disinfectants used in Kuopio University Hospital. Alcohols are generally used in cleaning chemicals, disinfectants, and hand sanitizers. However, the concentration of measured alcohols in present study was lower compared to other studies related to the hospital environment (Baurès et al. 2018; Bessonneau et al. 2013).
Novel deep neural network technique for detecting environmental effect of COVID-19
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Rajeev Kumar Gupta, Akshay Rameshbhai Gupta, Nikhlesh Pathik, R. K. Pateriya, Prem Kumar Chaurasiya, Upendra Rakjak, Tikendra Nath Verma, Abeer M. Alosaimi, Mahmoud Ali. Hussein
This paper claims that RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) reliability remains unclear compared to CT (chest computed tomography) scan. (Mahmood et al. 2020 Nov) discussed hand sanitizers’ effect on the environment and the human body. The WHO recommends hand sanitizers based on alcohol as a COVID-19 preventive measure. People are using hand sanitizer to kill coronavirus. Hand sanitizers consist of different compositions like hydrogen peroxides, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol, which may be toxic for the human body and may cause antimicrobial resistance.
Industrial lubricant removal using an ultrasonically activated water stream, with potential application for Coronavirus decontamination and infection prevention for SARS-CoV-2
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2020
M. Malakoutikhah, C. N. Dolder, T. J. Secker, M. Zhu, C. C. Harling, C. W. Keevil, T. G. Leighton
The importance of hand washing and cleaning of hard surfaces to prevent transmission of infection is well known. In the current epidemic, hand washing for 20 s with (warm) water and soap or rubbing with an alcohol-based hand sanitiser are recommended. Hard surfaces are cleaned with conventional or anti-microbial cleaners or wiped with a 70% solution of ethanol.