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Pleural disease induced by drugs
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) and vitamin H (biotin) have been proposed as a treatment for hair loss. Vitamin H also has been used in biotin deficiency, multiple carboxylase deficiency, brittle nails and dermatitis. Vitamin B5 has been used in the treatment of acne and rheumatoid arthritis.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
A wide variety of other toxic skin reactions may occur in addition to those already discussed. Physical dermatitis is produced by fiberglass and other fibers and results in an intense pruritic (itching) reaction and pinpoint-sized reddened papules. The development of this condition is directly related to the fiber diameter (which must be greater than 4.5 mm) and inversely related to fiber length.Urticarial reactions (wheal-and-flare reactions) are produced within 30 to 60 minutes of exposure to a variety of agents. They are caused by a variety of chemicals found in plants (nettles), animals (caterpillars and jellyfish), and other sources. These reactions are thought to be due to the release of histamine and other substances from immune cells and are characterized by rapidly occurring intense burning, itching, and redness.Cutaneous granuloams usually appear as slightly reddened, more or less flesh-colored papules that may be clustered and associated with inflammatory changes. They are generally localized to areas of foreign substance contact. They result from mononuclear cells attempting to “wall off poorly soluble foreign body and antigenic substances in the dermis. These include talc and silica and certain metals such as beryllium, chromium, and zirconium salts.Hair damage and alopecia may occur through direct effects on the external hair or through damage to the hair-producing cells of the hair follicle. Alkali, thioglycolates, and oxidizing agents such as peroxides and perborates can dissolve hair keratin and cause softening, matting, and increased fragility of the hair. Growth inhibitory agents such as alkylating agents and antimetabolites may impede the growth of follicular cells and the production of hair keratin. Dyes (indigo), metals (copper and cobalt), and acids (picric acid) may change the color of the hair upon contact. Some chemicals such as thallium, phenyl glycidyl, and dixyrazine can cause hair loss.
A case-control study of thallium exposure with the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency in women
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Xiaochen Ma, Wuye Pan, Zheying Zhu, Xiaoqing Ye, Chunming Li, Jianhong Zhou, Jing Liu
Although the concentration of thallium in natural circumstances is relatively low, its toxicity is much higher than other toxic metals, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead.8 Thallotoxicosis-related symptoms include muscle and joint pain, dizziness, weakness, and hair loss.9 Previous studies reported that chronic non-poisoning exposure to thallium caused a series of adverse reproductive outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight.10–12 One study of male partners of couples attending an infertility clinic in China reported that increased thallium concentration was associated with lower sperm motility.13 Higher thallium concentration was correlated with decreased estradiol levels, increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels, despite a lack of significance.13 An in vivo study demonstrated that long-term and environmental levels of thallium exposure caused abnormal ovarian development in zebrafish, including increased atretic follicles and degenerated oocytes, with decreased mature oocytes.14 These studies suggest that thallium exposure poses potential risks to human reproductive health.
Utilization of Morchella esculenta-mediated green synthesis golden nanoparticles in biomedicine applications
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and hormone therapy used in cancer treatment cause significant side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.[2] Thus, alternative methods are required for long-term treatments AuNPs are a novel agent in cancer therapy and exhibit aggregation and size-dependent cytotoxic activity against different cancer cells depending on the dose of the nanoparticles.[43–45] Furthermore, the use of AuNPs significantly reduces the risk of side effects and limits damage to healthy cells.[46]. No studies investigating the cytotoxic effects of ME-AuNPs against the A549 and HepG2 cell lines were found in the literature. Furthermore, studies evaluating the anticancer activities of AuNPs using fungal extracts are quite limited.[27] The cytotoxic effects of ME-AuNPs against the A549 cell line are shown in Table 3. As can be seen, the highest inhibition (99,502%) was detected at a concentration of 5 g/mL, while the lowest inhibition (0.641%) was obtained at a concentration of 0.078 g/mL. The IC50 value of the ME-AuNPs against the A549 cells was 0.548 g/mL. The cytotoxic effects of the ME-AuNPs against the HepG2 cell line are shown in Table 4. As can be seen, the highest inhibition (84, 153%) was detected at a concentration of 20 g/mL, while the lowest inhibition (8,408%) was obtained at a concentration of 1.25 g/mL. The IC50 value of the ME-AuNPs against the HepG2 cells was 11,672 g/mL.
Biosorption of cadmium and nickel ions using marine macrophyte, Cymodocea nodosa
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2020
Madelyn N. Moawad, Abeer A.M. El-Sayed, Naglaa A. El-Naggar
Nickel, is also a toxic heavy metal, found to be teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Nickel is used in the manufacture of nickel alloys, stainless steel, and batteries. Nickel concentrations range from 10 to 1000 mg.L−1 in industrial effluents, while the permissible limit prescribed by the U.S.EPA is less than 1.0 mg.L−1 [11]. The higher concentration of Ni causes poisoning symptoms like headache, dizziness, nausea, tightness of the chest, dry cough, vomiting, chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid respiration, cyanosis, and extreme fatigue [11–13]. Hair loss in humans is associated with drinking water contaminated with nickel [14]. According to WHO [8], the permissible limit of nickel is 70 µg.L−1 for drinking water. The increased heavy metals discharge and stricter discharge regulations have forced researchers to develop efficient treatment methods for heavy metals removal from wastewater.