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Preformulation of New Biological Entities
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Riccardo Torosantucci, Vasco Filipe, Jonathan Kingsbury, Atul Saluja, Yatin Gokarn
Blood factors (also known as coagulation or clotting factors) are plasma glycoproteins that are involved in the clotting of blood during vascular injury. The most commonly commercialized blood factors are factor VIII and factor IX, which are used to treat hemophilic patients as replacement therapies. Therapeutic blood factors have been obtained by plasma purification as well as by recombinant technologies. Examples of human recombinant factor VIII include Advate®, Kogenate®FS, and Xyntha®, which are approved to treat hemophilia A. Recombinant factor IX (Benefix®) is one of the most commonly used factors to treat hemophilia B. In an effort to reduce immunogenicity and increase half-life, genetically improved versions of these factors have been developed and approved in recent years, such as Fc-fusion factor VIII (Eloctate®), Fc-fusion factor IX (AlprolixTM), or albumin-fusion factor IX (Idelvion®). Another example of a therapeutic recombinant human coagulation factor is factor VIIa (e.g., NovoSeven®RT), which is also commercially available for hemophilic patients who have developed antibody inhibitors to coagulation factors VIII or IX and those with congenital factor VII deficiency.
Evolutionary DNA Computing Algorithm for Job Scheduling Problem
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2018
Gudar J. Ibrahim, Tarik A. Rashid, Ahmed T. Sadiq
In [35], a research work is carried out to control the sensitivity of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) to identify factor IX. This work was conducted in Iran to examine the haemophilia B blood in patients. The element of phenol chloroform along with other elements are used for extracting DNA. Both PCR and Primer are used to enlarge the regions of gene. In [36], diffident models for different applications of DNA computing; for instance, DNA Turing machines, aqueous computing, molecular computing, and nascent field of synthetic biology are described and explained [34]. Another research study in [36] was conducted to produce better effectiveness and tractability. Basically, a heuristic search is inserted in a DNA computing technique. They enriched the DNA technique through decreasing the time of running, reducing capacity of memory, and increasing the number of solutions.