China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Examining the Evidence that Drugs Impair Driving: Some Recent Findings from the Drugs and Driving Research Unit (DDRU) at Swinburne University
Published in Mark Sullman, Lisa Dorn, Advances in Traffic Psychology, 2019
Con Stough, Rebecca King, Luke Downey, Edward Ogden
Antihistamines are H1-receptor antagonists which are used widely by those suffering seasonal or chronic allergic rhinitis (Stork et al., 2006). Because of their widespread use, many studies (for example, O'Hanlon et al., 1995) have been undertaken to assess whether they impact driving. First generation antihistamines, such as brompheniramine, dimenhydrinate and diphenhydramine have lipophillic properties which enable cross over through the blood brain barrier. The depressive action on the central nervous system can cause drowsiness, dizziness, un- coordination and increased reaction time (Jauregi et al., 2006). The sedative effects persist into the next day (Kay, 2000). Anticholinergic effects of dry mouth and blurry vision are also evident (Jauregi et al., 2006).
Impacts of hydrotropes on clouding phenomena and physico-chemical parameters coupled with the triton X 100 & promethazine hydrochloride mixture
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
S. M. Rafiul Islam, Md. Rafikul Islam, Shamim Mahbub, Kamrul Hasan, Dileep Kumar, Javed Masood Khan, Anis Ahmad, Md. Anamul Hoque, D. M. Shafiqul Islam
Figure 2 represents the structure of promethazine HCl (PMH) which is a first-generation H1 receptor antagonist, antihistaminic agent commonly used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, and dizziness. Due to its soothing side effect, it is used as an anticholinergic and antidopaminergic agent. Sometimes PMH is used for allergic treatment, psychiatric diseases, etc. Due to its versatile usage, PMH can cause serious health issues, even sometimes life-threatening [36–39]. Recently, a good number of studies were described on the different drug-surfactant interactions in the occurrence of additives environment [4,20,34,40]. However, the literature reports only limited examples of the clouding behaviour and phase separation of surfactant + PMH mixture in aq. solutes (additives) solutions. Therefore, we are interested in further investigation of the phase separation behaviour of TX 100 + PMH mixture in the presence of different HDTs. M.R. Amin et al. [3] investigated the effect of the change of working temperature as well as the nature and composition of electrolytes used on the CMC value of the TTAB and PMH drug mixture. They found that CMC values of the TTAB surfactant- PMH drug mixture decreased with the enhancement of salt concentrations. M.R. Amin et al. [41] also illustrated the decreasing CP values of TX 100 + PMH drug mixture with the addition of high concentration of salt.
Phenylboronic acid modified hydrogel materials and their potential for use in contact lens based drug delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Lina Liu, Talena Rambarran, Heather Sheardown
An ideal drug eluting contact lens would be synthesized using conventional means and may allow for the incorporation of a wetting agent to reduce surface tension and improve lens wettability and comfort by forming a water layer at the surface [25]. In fact, materials with the potential to release wetting agents have shown promise in contact lens applications. The ability of the material to modulate the release an API could provide significant therapeutic efficacy. Many strategies have been employed to modulate the release of therapeutics from contact lens materials. Ionic monomers have been used to load and release oppositely charged drugs [26, 27], while hydrophobic drug release has been modulated using materials modified by cyclodextrin which can form an inclusion complex with the therapeutic [28]. Bioinspired approaches have also been employed to imprint the lenses with functional monomers chemical groups similar to physiological histamine H1-receptor for the sustained release from a contact lens [29, 30].
Exploiting of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Capparis spinosa L. Fruit for spectrophotometric determination of diphenhydramine HCl in pure forms and commercial products
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2023
Fadam M. Abdoon, Hasan M. Hasan, Sarhan A. Salman, Suham T. Ameen, Mequanint Birhan
Diphenhydramine(DPH) is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic, antitussive, antiemetic, and sedative properties and is primarily used to treat allergies. DPH blocks the binding of histamine to the H1 receptor, reducing symptoms. It reduces histamine-related vasodilation and increases capillary permeability. After oral administration, it is readily absorbed and dispersed significantly throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It is primarily eliminated in the urine as metabolites after being metabolised in the liver [1, 2].