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Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus (labeled abductor m. in Figure 5.17-B) move the femur laterally 40–45° in a coronal plane. Tightness in these muscles or in the iliotibial tract, on the lateral thigh, may limit the opposing motion, hip adduction. The adductor muscle group of the thigh (adductor m. in Figure 5.17-B) pulls the thigh toward and across the midline. Normal hip adduction ROM is approximately 30°. Movement in this arc is most commonly seen (in combination with some hip flexion) when you cross one thigh over the other while sitting. In standing, the supporting leg gets in the way of full adduction, preventing the non-weight-bearing leg from moving through a complete ROM.
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Connections: Gluteus medius covers entirely the bony field of the ilium, ischium, and gluteus minimus. The posterior margin is connected to the piriformis muscle, and is anteriorly covered by tensor fasciae latae. Trochanteric bursa of gluteus medius muscle facilitates the gliding process of its tendon on the greater trochanter.
Advances in Hip Arthroscopy
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, 2018
The commonest indications for extra-articular arthroscopy are trochanteric bursitis, external snapping and tendinopathy of the gluteus minimus and gluteus maximus, which together cover the concept of the painful syndrome of the greater trochanter, internal snapping and piriform syndrome (deep gluteal pain).
A finite element analysis study based on valgus impacted femoral neck fracture under diverse stances
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Haowei Zhang, Xinsheng Xu, Shenghui Wu, Ying Liu, Jiong Mei
During gait analysis, a gait is divided into eight gait events, including of heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel off, toe off, acceleration, midswing, and deceleration (Bai and Shang 2010). There are two main methods for muscle modeling. This article mainly uses linear muscles to replace the physical model of muscles to establish the musculoskeletal system model. The default coordinate system and orientation of each minutia (Zhao et al. 2016) is the same as that of the CT machine. And totally 11 muscle models were constructed, including the Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Adductor brevis, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Iliopsoas, Gluteus minimus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Gastrocnemius lateralis, and Gastrocnemius medialis (Bai and Shang 2010; Ali Banijamali et al. 2015). The model of the musculoskeletal linear hip joint is shown in Figure 3 and the muscle force on the femur is shown in Table 2.
Muscle metabolic energy costs while modifying propulsive force generation during walking
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Richard E. Pimentel, Noah L. Pieper, William H. Clark, Jason R. Franz
While walking with 40% smaller FP, we were surprised to find an increased metabolic cost of operating muscles spanning the ankle during single support. This increased utilization of ankle extensor muscles during single support may be due to a shift in the relative timing of the anterior ground reaction force, which rose and peaked sooner for this biofeedback condition relative to normal walking (data not reported). At the individual muscle level, we were also surprised to find a reduced metabolic cost of operating the gluteus medius and minimus during push-off when targeting 40% smaller than normal FP. The gluteus medius and minimus are generally considered important during swing for regulating foot placement to preserve lateral stability. However, some authors have recently suggested that push-off intensity and lateral balance are inextricably connected (Kim and Collins 2015; Reimann et al. 2018). Our results are consistent with those conclusions and implicate the gluteus medius (and to a lesser extent, gluteus minimus) in providing hip stability that is proportional to push-off intensity, likely allowing for effective force transmission to the center of mass.
Influence of simulated hip muscle weakness on hip joint forces during deep squatting
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Hiroshige Tateuchi, Momoko Yamagata, Akihiro Asayama, Noriaki Ichihashi
Based on previous studies reporting that hip muscle strength in patients with groin pain or FAI is approximately 10%–35% lower than that in healthy individuals (Casartelli et al., 2011; Frasson et al., 2020; Harris-Hayes et al., 2014; Kloskowska et al., 2016), simulations were performed under three conditions of each muscle for each squat task: full-strength simulation (without muscle weakness), mild muscle weakness (15% decrease), and severe muscle weakness (30% decrease). In the muscle weakened models, before inverse dynamics analysis, muscle volume was modified by 15% and 30% decrease of the original muscle volume against the following muscle for exploring the effects of each muscle volume on hip internal contact force, separately: superior and inferior gluteus maximus (sGlutMax and iGlutMax), anterior and posterior gluteus medius (aGlutMed and pGlutMed), anterior, middle, and posterior gluteus minimus, semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris long head (BF), distal, middle, and proximal adductor magnus, gracilis (Grac), adductor longus (AddLong), psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, deep external rotator muscles (ExtRot) including piriformis, obturator internus and externus, gemellus superior and inferior, and quadratus femoris, and combined iGlutMax and ExtRot (iGlutMax+ExtRot).