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Biomechanical aspects of footwear
Published in Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, 2008
Injury surveys on runners have concluded that the occurrence of overuse injuries is the most common reason for runners to quit running and to continue with other kinds of physical exercise (Koplan et al., 1995). For 2002 distance runners Taunton et al. (2002) identified patellofemoral pain syndrome as the most common injury, followed by iliotibial band friction syndrome, plantar fasciitis, meniscal injuries of the knee, and tibial stress syndrome. With 42 per cent, the knee was the most frequently injured anatomical location for these runners. Between genders, women had higher relative incidences of gluteus medius injuries (70 per cent), PFP syndrome (58 per cent), iliotibial band friction syndrome (58 per cent), and tibial stress fractures (55 per cent). The male runners had more frequently meniscal injuries (75 per cent), achilles tendinitis (63 per cent), patellar tendinitis (62 per cent), and plantar fasciitis (58 per cent).
Intra and inter-tester reliability of a novel device to assess gluteal muscle strength in professional football players
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Victor Moreno-Pérez, Marco Beato, Juan Del Coso, Jose' Luis Hernández-Davó, Aitor Soler, Marcelo Peñaranda-Moraga, Marc Madruga-Parera, Daniel Romero-Rodríguez
Sports therapists routinely assess gluteus medius muscle strength to evaluate its capacity to accomplish the demands required for team sports movements (Graham et al., 2011; Morrissey et al., 2012). The gluteus medius is considered the primary pelvic stabilizer and it has an essential function in the maintenance of the normal patterns of the pelvis and the lower limbs during exercise (Boudreau et al., 2009). A weakness of the gluteus medius muscle can lead to increased likelihood of sport injury (Powers, 2010), for instance, the gluteus medius muscle is highly activated during non-anticipated actions of landing and changes in direction (Meinerz et al., 2015) which are related to a greater probability of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (Cortes et al., 2011). Therefore, gluteus medius muscle strength might play a critical role for the development of several types of football injuries, since its weakness may increase the likelihood of groin pain, as well as other injuries of the lower limbs (Graham et al., 2011). Moreover, previous evidence has revealed that suboptimal gluteus medius muscle activation might be a discriminative parameter to differentiate between players with and without history of groin injury (Morrissey et al., 2012). Thus, the assessment of hip abductor muscle strength, which is a potential risk factor for groin injury, may be an important component to introduce into testing procedures.
Constructive understanding and reproduction of functions of gluteus medius by using a musculoskeletal walking robot
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2018
Hirofumi Shin, Shuhei Ikemoto, Koh Hosoda
The gluteus medius is a hip abductor muscle that mainly contributes not only to the frontal plane movement (abductor), but also to its balance and prevents the pelvis from inclining to the swing leg during walking. In addition, the gluteus medius is known as an important muscle for providing stability during walking because the muscle contraction ensures sufficient clearance from the ground to the foot [8]. Although this muscle is important for the lateral balance, it is also known to contribute to the sagittal plane movement of the support leg [9] and various effects to the sagittal plane movement of the hip joint [5,10].
The relationship between single-limb squat and jump-cut kinematics
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2022
Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller, Jarrett E. Sorge, Eleanor M. Beltz, Jessica C. Martinez, Hayley J. Root, Julie P. Burland, Thomas H. Trojian, Lindsay J. DiStefano
Medial motion of the knee joint, as measured by two-dimensional medial knee displacement and three-dimensional knee valgus, are often implicated during lower extremity injury mechanisms (Padua et al., 2012) and, consequently are a focus of clinical evaluations (Goerger et al., 2015). Knee valgus motion has also been found to predict future ACL injury risk (Hewett et al., 2005), as it has been thought to lead to abnormal loading through the hip and knee joints (Paterno et al., 2010; Stearns & Pollard, 2013). Notably, evidence suggests that the presence of knee valgus during landing is the result of the inability to resist sagittal plane forces (Goerger et al., 2015). To compensate for this, an individual absorbs the remaining landing forces using an increased combination of medial displacement from the knee and hip (Goerger et al., 2015). Our findings demonstrate that participants, who perform a cutting task with excessive medial knee displacement, or knee valgus, also demonstrate these characteristics during an SLS. The combination of uncontrolled movement at the hip, knee, and ankle may increase future injury risk (Paterno et al., 2012). Researchers have found comparable results in studies involving participants who had medial knee displacement during an SLS and double limb squat. These participants utilised the hip adductor muscles to a greater extent and possessed limited passive ankle dorsiflexion compared to those who did not display medial knee displacement (Hashemi et al., 2011). Improper activation or weakness of the gluteus medius has been found to result in adduction and internal rotation at the hip and increased medial knee displacement (Knowles et al., 2007). Addressing the gluteus/adductor activation ratio through gluteal strengthening and adductor activation, as well as increasing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, should be a major emphasis of ACL rehabilitation and injury prevention. Focusing on these issues may allow for reduced medial knee displacement during SLS, which may translate to improved biomechanics during dynamic cutting tasks and reduce injury risk.