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Konjac Polysaccharide for Drug Delivery
Published in Akhilesh Vikram Singh, Bang-Jing Li, Polysaccharides in Advanced Drug Delivery, 2020
Wei Ha, Sheng Zhang, Yang Kang, Bang-Jing Li
A very promising polysaccharide, which has been lately incorporated into the drug delivery fields is konjac glucomannan (KGM). KGM is a high-molecular weight, water soluble, non-ionic, natural polysaccharide isolated from the tubers of the Amorphophallus konjac plants which are the main crop in mountainous areas of China and Japan. It is mainly composed of a high-molecular weight glucomannan in which mannose and glucose units in a ratio of 1.6:1 are connected by ß-(1→4) linkages. Compared to other polysaccharides, KGM has the ability to lower blood cholesterol and sugar level, helps with weight loss, promotes intestinal activity and reduces the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease. Moreover, KGM with its characteristics of low cost, good biocompatibility and biodegradability displays promising application in food and food additives, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and the fine chemical industry.
Molecular substrates of ethanol feedstocks
Published in Ruben Michael Ceballos, Bioethanol and Natural Resources, 2017
Although xylans are the major components of hemicellulose, the heterogeneity of hemicelluloses should not be understated. Hemicelluloses are mixtures of polysaccharides and often include other components. Although hardwoods, grasses, and many fruits feature a robust presence of xylans, mannans play a major role in the hemicellulose found in softwoods and plant seed (Wilkie, 1979; Meier and Reid, 1982; Vierhuis et al., 2000; Lundqvist et al., 2003; Gírio et al., 2010). Mannans can be classified as linear mannan (e.g., glucomannan) or heteromannan (i.e., galactoglucomannan [GGM]). Glucomannan are linear chains composed of randomly arranged β-(1,4)-linked d-mannose with β-(1,4)-linked d-glucose. The ratios of mannose and glucose depend on the origin of glucomannan (Timell, 1967; Northcote, 1972; Popa and Spiridon, 1998; Hongshu et al., 2002). Another form of linear mannan called galactomannan (GM) features 1,6-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl side chains along the standard 1,4-linked β-d-mannopyranosyl main chain (Chaubey and Kapoor, 2001; Prajapati et al., 2013).
Glycan-Based Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Drug Delivery Approaches and Nanosystems, 2017
Songul Yasar Yildiz, Merve Erginer, Tuba Demirci, Juergen Hemberger, Ebru Toksoy Oner
Mannan is one of the important members of the hemicellulose family. Mannan is present in four different forms, each having a β-1,4-linked backbone containing mannose (linear mannan) or a combination of glucose and mannose residues (glucomannan) and occasional side chains of α-1,6-linked galactose residues (galactomannan/galactoglucomannan) (Yasar Yildiz and Toksoy Oner, 2014). Its mucoadhesive properties and highly flexible conformation make mannan a highly preferred polymer for cancer targeting nanobased material (Jain et al., 2010). In many studies, mannans with various molecular weight and functional modifications have been used as a drug delivery agent (Apostolopoulos et al., 2006). It is known that like the other glycans, mannans are powerful anticancer agents as they are natural ligands for mannose receptors, which are widely present on dendritic cells (Martin and Jiang, 2010). Budzynska et al. (2007) revealed that mannan-methotrexate conjugate improved antitumor activity significantly when compared with free methotrexate in mouse model of leukemia. Nanoparticles coated with galactomannan were developed and investigated for endocytosis by macrophages, dendritic cells, and liver cells and the results indicated that liver and colon macrophages and mouse brain were targeted easily by mannosylated liposomes (Gupta et al., 2009; Park et al., 2005b).
Acoustic behaviour of textile structures
Published in Textile Progress, 2021
Parikshit Paul, Rajesh Mishra, B. K. Behera
Amorphous silica aerogel incorporated into PP/PET nonwovens was studied for acoustic insulation purposes. The nonwovens were in the range of 272–499 g/m2 and had a thickness range of 3.2–6.6 mm. The highest NAC value of 0.9 was obtained for 6200 Hz for the higher areal density and higher thickness nonwovens (Venkataraman, Mishra, Arumugam, Jamshaid, & Militky, 2014). Wang et al. (2020) applied KGM-based aerogel for sound absorption purposes. Konjac glucomannan (KGM), which is an edible polysaccharide found in the tuber of the Amorphophallus Konjac plant, has a high molecular weight (6.8 × 105–9 × 106) and exhibits high viscosity (30000 ). Biomass aerogels were prepared via the freeze-drying method. Results from the study demonstrate the possibility of biomass aerogels as sound-absorption materials in building applications. Results are shown in Figure 18.
Complex coacervation of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan and ovalbumin and coacervate characterization
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Ya-Qian Cao, Guo-Qing Huang, Xiao-Dan Li, Li-Ping Guo, Jun-Xia Xiao
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a plant-derived natural polysaccharide consisting of β-d-glucose and β-d-mannose linked by β-1,4-pyranoside bonds.[1] KGM possesses many functional properties such as excellent water holding, thickening, gelling, and film forming capabilities as well as low calorie and has been widely used in the food, biomedicine, and material industries.[2]