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Role of Nanotechnology in Selective Targeting of Cancer
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Santosh K. Mishra, Lohith Kumar Dasarahalli-Huligowda, Nanotechnology Applications in Agricultural and Bioprocess Engineering, 2021
Curcumin and emu oil from emu birds have shown promising results against inflammation. The nanoemulsions were prepared using Cremophor, Labrafil, and emu oil. It showed good anti-inflammatory activity when mixed with curcumin [20]. For preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the inexpensive, fast, and renewable strategy was performed in aqueous media utilizing light emitted as the catalyst. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited very high antimicrobial activity against various strains of microorganisms. Another green and clean strategy for the AgNPs preparation used the Delftia’s cell free suspension and demonstrated the both drug delivery agents and antifungal activities [26]. Ginsenoside NPs play important role in carrying insoluble drugs. Dai et al. [9] demonstrated that anticancer drug has enhanced in-vivo and in-vitro effects when loaded on ginsenoside NPs than the free drug.
Herbal Therapies
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
H. Shahrul, M. L. Tan, A. H. Auni, S. R. Nur, S. M. N. Nurul
Ginseng is a popular herb used in China for thousands of years for wide array of health conditions and ailments. It is from the Araliaceae family and the genus of Panax (Helms, 2004). It is taken as an energy booster, nourishes the lungs, calms the heart, and tranquilizes the mind (Kim, 2012b; Sun et al., 2016). In Chinese, Panax means “cure all,” and it describes the traditional belief that ginseng has properties that heal all bodily diseases (Kim et al., 2018). To date, 12 species and 2 infraspecific taxa have been classified under the genus Panax, and the three major commercial ginseng are the Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), the Chinese ginseng [Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen], and the American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). They have been used throughout the world (Kim, 2012a; Shin et al., 2015). Ginseng is reported to contain various functional constituents, including ginseng saponins or ginsenosides, polyacetylenes, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and oligopeptide (Kim et al., 2018). Its major active ingredient is ginsenosides. Ginsenosides possess many biological activities (Zheng et al., 2018). Depending on the position and quantity of sugar moiety, ginsenosides are divided into three types: (a) Panaxadiol group (e.g., Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg3, and Rh2), (b) Panaxatriol group (e.g., Re, Rg1, Rg2, and Rh1), and (c) Oleanolic acid group (e.g., Ro)—with each one of them playing different pharmacological roles (Zheng et al., 2018). The neuroprotective effect of ginsenosides has been gaining much interest particularly for treating neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Lepedium meyenii Plant in Modern Contexts
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Shilpa S. Borkar, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Seema Usare
Nitric oxide (NO) is a typical restrictive molecule having the twin role as a secondary messenger/neurotransmitter. It has been involved in numerous physiological functions [38]. Findings up to now indicate that NO may additionally be a significant somatic cell traveler [39]. Specifically, it is a longtime physiological negotiator of erectile organ erection [40] and within the brain; NO synthase is very focused in structures directly or indirectly concerned in sexual behavior (olfactory bulb, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, amygdala, body part structures, etc.) [41]. Recent studies recommend that NO may be a major physiological stimulant for relaxation of erectile organ vasculature and trabeculate swish muscle, essential for erectile organ erection [43]. Relaxation of the trabeculate swish muscle of the corpus cavernosa ends up in an attenuated tube-shaped structure resistance and exaggerated blood flow to the erectile organ. Aboard the exaggerated flow, blood vessel outflow is reduced by the compression of the subtunical venules. The mix of exaggerated influx and attenuated outflow causes erectile organ engorgement and erection. NO from the tube-shaped structure epithelial tissue of the sinusoids and from the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic, and cavernosal nerves seems to mediate the vasodilatation [43, 44]. The new drug used for the treatment of impotence and anti-impotence drug acts by potentiating the result of NO by inhibiting the precise catalyst phosphodiesterase-V that terminates the action of NO generated cGMP within the erectile organ vasculature [45]. Several healthful herbs and medicines derived from these herbs are shown to own effects on the NO signal pathway. As an example, the saponins from ginseng (ginsenosides) are shown to relax blood vessels (probably contributive to the anti-fatigue and blood-pressure-lowering effects of ginseng) and corpus cavernosum (thus, for the treatment of men tormented by erectile dysfunction; but, the legendary aphrodisiac result of ginseng could also be associate degree overstatement) [46].
Dose-response and temporal ergogenic effects of ginseng supplementation in athletes and active participants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Nasreen Khan, Saurabh Sharma, Indu Dahiya, Junaid Khan, Shalini Sharma, Raj Kumar Sharma
In the field of Chinese medicine, Ginseng is considered one of the most important herbs. Nine species of ginseng are available, which are named according to their geographical origins, like Asian or Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), Thai ginseng (Kaempferia parviflora), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), and Japanese ginseng (Panax japonicus; Leung & Wong, 2013). For thousands of years, Panax ginseng has been used widely across Asia, as a medicine as well as a restorative and prophylactic remedy (Kim et al., 2015). The primary active ingredient of Panax ginseng is ginsenoside or saponin. There are approximately 40 ginsenosides that are distinct from Panax ginseng (Azizi & Moradi, 2021; T. K. Lee et al., 2005). The total production by China, South Korea, Canada, and the US is 79,769 tons, which is almost 99% of the world ginseng production (80,080 tons) and the estimated worth of the world ginseng market is $2,084 million (Baeg & So, 2013). It became popular among athletes because of its diverse physiological effects on multiple systems, including cardiovascular, immune, and neuronal, and also for its alleged performance-enhancing attributes (Leung & Wong, 20131; Froiland et al., 2004; Petróczi et al., 2008; Slater et al., 2003; Sundgot–Borgen et al., 2003; Ziegler et al., 2003). Some scientific researchers have suggested that these improvements might affect muscular strength, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), and heart rate (HR; Rattu, 1998; E. S. Lee et al., 2018; Zaheri & Marandi, 2016).
Effect of citric acid and heat treatment on the content of less-polar ginsenosides in flower buds of Panax ginseng
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Dan Gao, Jin Hyeok Kim, Le Ba Vinh, Eun-Young Seo, Seo Young Yang, Chong Woon Cho, Young Ho Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jaehoon Sim, Jong Seong Kang
Ginsenoside F2 could reduce obesity by the restriction of adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cell line.[34] Additionally, ginsenoside Rg3 has been proven to exhibit anti-tumor properties against colon cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, and esophageal cancer.[25] Therefore, we could summarize that citric acid-treated GFBs are very appropriate for the production of functional foods with anti-obesity and anti-cancer activities, which is of great significance to the development and utilization of GFB resources.