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Innovation and Challenges in the Development of Functional and Medicinal Beverages
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Zanariah Hashim, Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh, Eraricar Salleh
Functional dairy-based beverages have continued to be as essential as the primary food in the worldwide, particularly in the Western parts. However, several health risks are associated with these products. According to Kumar et al. [96], the major drawback of dairy beverage intake appears to be lactose intolerance. The condition when lactose, a milk sugar contains abundantly in dairy products, is unable to digest because of the lack of the lactase enzyme in the small intestine is called lactose intolerance [44]. People with lactose intolerance when consuming dairy products will develop symptoms like flatulence, bloating, loose stool, and cramping [164]. In this case, the market size for dairy companies will be reduced. Thus, the companies are launching more alternatives that could provide the same nutrients and health benefits as dairy products so that the range of their targeted customers will become larger.
Production of Fermented Foods
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
Soybean is a very nutritious food. However, it has shortcomings which are ameliorated by fermentation. Soybeans contain compounds which make the legume unattractive until they are removed by the various stages involved in their processing by fermentation. First, they contain carbohydrates, which are not absorbed until they reach the colon, where the gases produced when they are broken down by microorganisms give rise to flatulence. These carbohydrates include the oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose and the polysaccharide arabinogalactan. Second, soybeans have a bitter and ‘beany’ taste when crushed. This is because the lipoxygenase enzyme contributing to this taste and the substrate (oil) are held in separate compartments in the tissues of the seeds until the latter are broken or crushed.
Nanomedicine Clinical and Preclinical Use
Published in Bertrand Henri Rihn, Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles, 2017
Roudayna Diab, Sanghoon Kim, Ileana-Alexandra Pavel, Nadia Canilho, Fernanda Bianca Haffner, Sijin Li, Alain Celzard, Mihayl Varbanov, Emmanuel Lamouroux, Andreea Pasc
Lactose is the main disaccharide present in milk and derivatives, in different food products and as pharmaceutical excipient in drugs. Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose. The brush-border enzymes, that is, β-galactosidases hydrolyze lactose in galactose and glucose that are easily absorbed in the intestine. Lactose intolerance appears when the enzyme activity decreases. Consequently, lactose persists in the intestine lumen, causing digestive disorders such as diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and abdominal pain (Mattar et al., 2012).
Apple puree as a natural fructose source provides an effective alternative carbohydrate source for fuelling half-marathon running performance
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Kirsty M. Reynolds, Loris A. Juett, Mark P. Funnell, Joshua B. Schofield, Claire Grundig, George Melidis, Alexander Brown, Will Hubbard, Yuxuan Luo, Ibrahim Almahaireh, Lewis J. James, Stephen A. Mears
On arrival, participants sat for 15 min before a venous blood sample was collected by venepuncture of an antecubital vein, a urine sample was collected, and body mass (in minimal clothing) measured. Post-run body mass was measured, a urine sample was collected and then participants sat for 15 min before another venous blood sample was collected by venepuncture of an antecubital vein. After thorough cleaning and drying of the skin, a sweat patch was applied to the right scapula (Tegaderm + Pad; 3M Healthcare, Loughborough, UK). Heart rate (T9, Polar H10, Polar Teams Pro; Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) was measured at 0, 3.1, 6.1, 9.1 and 13.1 miles. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg, 1982, 6–20 Scale) and GI comfort (Jeukendrup et al., 2000, 0–10 scale), were recorded at 0, 3.1, 6.1, 9.1 and 13.1 miles. Additional GI scales (Jeukendrup et al., 2000, 0 = no symptom, 10 = maximum symptom, scores ≥5 were classed as severe) assessing hunger, thirst, nausea, stomach fullness, stomach bloatedness, stomach cramps, abdominal stitch, flatulence, urge to belch, urge to vomit, urge to urinate and urge to defecate, as well as thermal sensation (Lee et al., 2008a; −10 to + 10 Scale) were assessed pre- and post-run. During trials, ambient temperature, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), relative humidity and wind speed (Kestrel 4400; Nielsen-Kellerman Co., Philadelphia, USA) were recorded.
Determination of biological activity of Carduus lanuginosus: an endemic plant in Turkey
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized with high blood glucose levels known as hyperglycemia (Hu et al. 2013). The most effective approach for managing the type 2 DM is the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase (Krentz and Bailey 2005) because α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which are called key enzymes, can hydrolyze to carbohydrates (Gray 1995). However, the drugs used as key enzyme inhibitors (voglibose, acarbose, and miglitol) were found to have several adverse effects (abdominal distraction, bloating, meteorism, diarrhea, and flatulence, etc.) (Chiasson et al. 2002). It is important to consider the antidiabetic properties of therapeutic plants and products to obtain alternative compounds have poor toxic and side effects in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the plant extracts were investigated with regard to the enzyme inhibition activities. Acarbose was used as the positive control for both inhibition activities.
Perceived life stress and anxiety correlate with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in runners
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Endurance running participation has increased dramatically over the past several decades. The estimated number of marathon finishers in the United States, for instance, increased from 25,000 in 1976 to 541,000 in 2013 (Running USA, 2014). While a number of physical and psychosocial benefits are derived from distance running, certain adverse effects can interfere with training and make the experience less enjoyable (Koplan, Powell, Sikes, Shirley, & Campbell, 1982; Ziegler, 1991). One common adverse effect is gastrointestinal (GI) distress, which can manifest as symptoms such as nausea, reflux, fullness/bloating, cramping, flatulence, and diarrhoea. Importantly, GI distress can negatively affect performance (O’Brien & Rowlands, 2011; O’Brien, Stannard, Clarke, & Rowlands, 2013) and in rare cases even be a sign of a severe medical condition (Ho, 2009).