China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lipid-Based Nanocarriers in Lymphatic Transport of Drugs: Retrospect and Prospects
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Rodney J. Y. Ho, Jagat R. Kanwar, NanoBioMaterials, 2018
Vikas Rana, Sunil Kamboj, Sheshank Sethi
The intestinal lymphatic system is a pathway made for the transport of digested food-derived lipids, water-insoluble peptide and fat-soluble vitamins to the blood (Yáñez et al., 2011). Interestingly, the drug transported across this system can bypass the liver and thus neglect hepatic first-pass metabolism. Further, the intestinal tract is richly supplied with lymph and blood vessels. Generally, the drugs or lipids given orally have to cross enterocytes (sequentially-transmitted intestinal epithelial cells). After being absorbed and crossing the enterocyte barrier, the drug molecule enters the portal circulation that transport the drug molecule to the liver via portal vein for the so-called hepatic first pass effect. However, the drugs with log P > 5 and with long-chain triglycerides (TG) with a solubility > 50 mg/g, are preferentially extracted into lymphatic circulation and there is movement into portal circulation (Figure 4.1) (Porter et al., 2007; Jannin et al., 2008; Porter et al., 2008). Interestingly, the highly lipophilic drugs are associated with secretable enterocyte lipoproteins (chylomicrons), which easily enter into the mesenteric lymphatic circulation, instead of portal circulation (Figure 4.1). Thus, the drugs that follow the lymphatic route do not undergo hepatic first pass metabolism. This also results in the enhancement of drug concentration in lymph nodes and lymph ducts and, therefore, can be the site of therapeutic drug action (Trevaskis et al., 2009). Keeping in mind the therapeutic benefits or drugs that have suitable attributes for lymphatic transport, it is interesting and important to know the factors responsible for lymphatic drug transport. Chapter 4 will discuss the ideal carrier system and approaches to the lymphatic transport system.
Recent advances in microbeads-based drug delivery system for achieving controlled drug release
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Zafar Khan, Mohammed A.S. Abourehab, Neha Parveen, Kanchan Kohli, Prashant Kesharwani
MDDS consists of multiple unit dosage forms of small repetitive or distinct components each having some preferred individuality and is used primarily for oral dosage forms [24]. Due to patient compliance oral drug delivery system has always been a gold standard drug delivery system. Therefore, there are many drug products in the market that are using this technology to get efficient therapeutic effect at a lower dose [25] MDDS also offers several advantages over monolithic dosage forms which comprise of single units. These include [26] (a) less gastric retention time due to inter and intra subject dissimilarity, (b) taste masking, (c) reduced risk of dose dumping, (d) [27] minimal local irritation (e) rapid drug diffusion and better absorption due to increased solubility/dispersibility, (f) uniform spreadibility throughout GIT thus avoiding risk of toxicity (g) diminished dosing frequency thereby improving patient compliance, (h) fluctuations in plasma drug concentration are avoided, despite having first pass effect bioavailability enhances and a desirable plasma drug concentration is maintained by continuous drug release, (i) therapeutic efficiency is increased, and (j) improved stability [28,29].
Amphiphilic block versus random copolymer nanoparticles with reactive oxygen species responsiveness as berberine vehicles
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Honglei Guo, Qianqian Guo, Tianyu Lan, Yongjun Luo, Xiuhao Pan, Yifang Yao, Yafei Li, Ya Feng, Yujia Liu, Ling Tao, Xiangchun Shen
BBR presents other drawbacks such as poor oral absorption and first-pass effect in the intestine and liver [14]. It remains in the tissue for a short time, and only a small amount remains after 24 h because of drug metabolization and clearance. To overcome these problems, a polymeric drug delivery system can be envisaged as a feasible approach for the loading and delivery of BBR to improve its bioavailability [16–20]. Polymeric nanoparticles can respond to the unique microenvironment of relevant diseases, resulting in on-demand drug release at desired sites [21–25]. For example, Li et al. investigated a glucose-sensitive insulin delivery system in the presence of different glucose concentrations [25]. Feng et al. developed a temperature- and pH-responsive dual drug delivery system to load evodiamine and BBR as drugs. The system maintained desirable drug profiles at low pH and high temperature at the tumor microenvironment [26].
Preparation and characterization of sustained release pirfenidone loaded microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery: Spray drying approach
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Sagar Pardeshi, Pritam Patil, Rahul Rajput, Arun Mujumdar, Jitendra Naik
To overcome the side effects of conventional dosage forms, like large frequency of dosing, systemic and non-systemic side effects due to nonspecific targeting, there is a necessity to explore the potential of delivering anti-fibrotic drug (PFD) into the locality of the affected part of the lung. Targeted drug delivery to the lung via a DPI device is a noninvasive method that avoids the first-pass effect, and high therapeutic concentration can be achieved with reduced systemic side effects. In comparison with the oral formulation, the inhaled PFD formulation significantly improves IPF treatment outcomes and eliminates side effects associated with the oral formulation. The pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study in the sheep after inhaled PFD showed considerably higher lung ELF (epithelial lining fluid) exposure compared to plasma exposure with maximum concentration in excess of PFD apparent IC50.[12] Usually, the aerosolization performance is effective when the aerodynamic particle diameter is about 1–5 μm.[13] Therefore, sustained release formulation of PFD loaded microparticles as a DPI with aerodynamic particle size below 5 μm might be beneficial in order to reduce the side effects and dosing frequency with targeted drug delivery at the affected site (lung). For that, EC 300 and Eudragit RS 100 in combination were used as release retardant polymers, and the formulated microparticles were studied for their aerodynamic performance to access the in-vitro drug deposition into the lungs.[1]