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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
The leg movements result from how the terminal tendons are laid down at the level of the ankle and the use of the two major planes (sagittal and transverse). In talocrural articulation the muscles that pass the transversal axis, such as tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus (fibularis) tertius, are dorsal flexors. Muscles behind the transversal axis, such as peroneus (fibularis) brevis, fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus are plantar flexors.
Peak Forces and Force Generating Capacities of Lower Extremity Muscles During Dynamic Tasks in People With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2022
Hoon Kim, Riann Palmieri-Smith, Kristof Kipp
Muscle forces from the soleus, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedius (grouped together), rectus femoris, superior/middle/inferior fibres of gluteus maximus (grouped together), anterior/middle/posterior fibres of gluteus medius (grouped together), biceps femoris long and short heads/semimembranosus/semitendinosus (grouped together) were calculated and used for statistical analyses. Peak muscle forces from each trial were extracted and normalised by each participant’s body weight (BW) (Figure 1(e)). In addition, the force-generating capacity of each muscle group was calculated by dividing peak muscle force () by the maximum isometric force () and concurrent activation () (Figure 1(f)), which also accounts for the effects of muscle length () and velocity () (Equation 2) (Arnold et al., 2013). A greater force-generating capacity indicates that a muscle requires less activation to produce the same amount of muscle force.