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Advances in Avascular Necrosis of the Hip joint
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, 2018
Femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON) is a progressive disease that usually happens in the third to the fifth decades of life, and in case it is not managed properly, up to 80% of the cases would be symptomatic and two-thirds of the patients would experience head collapse [1]. Haenisch [2] called it hip necrosis in 1925, and after that it came under the names of atraumatic necrosis, idiopathic necrosis and avascular necrosis (AVN); however, nowadays osteonecrosis is the preferred name. Currently it includes 10%-12% of all primary total hip replacements (THRs) in the United States, which would be around 20,000 cases annually [1,3,4]. In spite of all the various studies being carried out, the basic reasons of this disorder still remain unclear, and various aetiologies have been suggested [5,6]. Since this disorder affects a very active age group of population, considering its disabling effects can impose a huge socioeconomic burden. In the meantime its prevalence is also increasing [7,8]. During the last decade various hip-preserving techniques have been provided, which also brought about positive results [9].
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
MRI of the hip joint is performed for a range of clinical indications including trauma with suspected occult fracture, osteonecrosis, internal derangement, abnormalities of the supporting muscles and tendons, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and tumours [64]. The MRI protocol depends on the clinical indication. For assessment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, metastasis or radiographically occult hip fracture, MRI of both hips may be performed. For internal derangement high-resolution MRI of the affected hip only is needed, with MRI arthrography of the hip for labral or articular surface abnormalities [65]. Highly developed 3 T sequences with radial imaging can be an alternative to 1.5 T MRA.
Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
As a designer, keep the weight-bearing and mobility characteristics of the hip joints in mind. The hip joint (see Figure 5.10) is a ball-and-socket joint, with a relatively deep socket and a prominent ball on the femur of the thigh—the femoral head. Ligaments between the pelvis and femur surround and stabilize the joint. A ligament within the joint joins the acetabulum to the femoral head. These features limit motion at the hip but make the hip a stable major weight-bearing joint.
Towards visualising early-stage osteonecrosis using intraoperative imaging modalities
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Mingxu Liu, Alejandro Martin-Gomez, Julius K. Oni, Simon C. Mears, Mehran Armand
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH) is a progressive disease caused by the insufficient blood supply to the femoral head (Herndon and Aufranc 1972). This condition is characterised by the death of the bone cells and can lead to the collapse of the femoral head (Zhao et al. 2020). In the United States, more than 10,000 new cases are reported each year (Aldridge 3rd and Urbaniak 2004). In other countries, such as China, the accumulated occurrence has risen to 8.12 million cases (Zhao et al. 2020). Treatments for late-stage ONFH, such as total hip replacement, usually alters or replaces the original bone anatomical structures (Petek et al. 2019). ONFH strongly threatens young adults aged 30 to 50 (Malizos et al. 2007), and with far-reaching effects: patients aged <40 years old who undergo hip replacement surgery may require to repeat the procedure more than once throughout their lifetime (Mont et al. 1996).
Comparison of anatomical parameters of cam femoroacetabular impingement to evaluate hip joint models segmented from CT data
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
K. C. Geoffrey Ng, Mario Lamontagne, Michel R. Labrosse, Paul E. Beaulé
Characterised by an aspherical femoral head or head–neck junction with a reduced offset, a cam deformity may induce femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between the proximal femur and the hip socket during extreme limits of hip motion (Ganz et al. 2003; Siebenrock et al. 2004). This mechanical impingement results in higher joint stresses (Chegini et al. 2009; Ng et al. 2012; Speirs et al. 2013a), putting the articulating cartilage at a greater risk of developing degenerative changes (Agricola et al. 2012; Beaulé et al. 2005; Ganz et al. 2003; Speirs et al. 2013a). Clinical symptoms associated with cam-type FAI typically include motion-induced pain, reduced hip flexion and sagittal range of motion (Allen et al. 2009; Kappe et al. 2012; Lamontagne et al. 2009).
Evolution of different designs and wear studies in total hip prosthesis using finite element analysis: A review
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Chethan K N, Shyamasunder Bhat N, Mohammad Zuber, Satish Shenoy B
The femoral head is spherical and forms a joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis. The head is connected to the shaft of the femur at an angle of 125° as it projects from the shaft. The movement of the hip joint is relative to the orientation of the neck to the shaft.