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Microfluidic Platforms for Wound Healing Analysis
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Lynda Velutheril Thomas, Priyadarsini Sreenivasan
There are four types of wound exudates – serous, sanguineous, serosanguinous, and purulent (Tickle et al. 2016) [Figure 13.1]. Serous exudates are clear, thin, and watery. These are mainly observed during the normal inflammatory healing stage. Sanguineous drainage is also seen during the inflammatory stage of healing, where a small amount of blood may also be present. If it is seen outside of the inflammatory phase, sanguineous drainage can be a result of trauma to the wound.
Cellulosic Nanomaterials
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2019
Nanocellulose can be used for wound-dressing applications due to its capability to form translucent film with excellent absorption capabilities. Adequate management of exudates is required for non-healing and chronic wounds. Moreover, the translucency will allow the development of wound without the requirement to remove the dressing from the wound surface [79].
Intelligent identification and classification of diabetic retinopathy using fuzzy inference system
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Jyoti Prakash Medhi, R. Sandeep, Pranami Datta, Tousif Khan Nizami
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), commonly known as vision stealer, is a microvascular disorder that arises due to prolonged diabetes (Coscas et al. 2010). If not detected and treated early, DR might deteriorate the functionality of retina, leading to complete loss of vision. DR starts with an early sign of beaded-like structures called microaneurysms (MAs), caused by reduced oxygen flow in blood vessels (BVs). With the progression of diabetes, these MAs weaken the BVs, rupturing and causing blood leakage. These leaked dead blood cells gets deposited over the retina, which are known as haemorrhage (HM)s. Consequently these blood cells lead to deposition of blood constituents, such as lipids and proteins over the retina, called exudates. Depending on the deposition intensity, the exudates are classified as soft exudates (SE) and hard exudates (HE). To alleviate the reduced oxygen scenario in DR severe stage, the BVs generate additional smaller BVs called, neovascularization (Coscas et al. 2010; Medhi and Dandapat 2016b). Due to their weak and thin structure, BVs are vulnerable to bursting, thus causing excessive leakage. With the progression of DR and course of lesion deposition, DR is grouped into two classes, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), which is again divided into mild, moderate, severe, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) as referred by, Faust et al. (2012); Mookiah et al. (2015); Medhi and Dandapat (2016a); Eshaq et al. (2017); Huang et al. (2020); Al-Hazaimeh et al. (2022); Medhi et al. (2023).
Multilayer electrospun nanofibrous membranes for drug - controlled release
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Yifan Huang, Lei Wang, Liu Yi, Binjie Xin, Tingxiao Li
The occurrence of wound infection depends on the number of bacteria per unit area of the wound site. Because the normal human body has an autoimmune system, when the number of bacteria per unit area exceeds the standard, the immune system cannot be immune normally, or the normal immune effect can’t be achieved, which will lead to wound infection. In the process of wound healing, bacterial infection is the main cause of wound infection. More than 90% of the infection is caused by bacterial metastasis and recurrence (Farahani & Shafiee, 2021; Jin et al., 2022). On the other hand, wound healing requires a relatively dry environment. Too much exudate will isolate the air and affect the growth of granulation at the wound, which can affect wound healing or other diseases (Wang et al., 2018). Most traditional treatment methods on the market have limited curative effect and poor prognosis. Therefore, inhibiting bacterial invasion and absorbing excessive exudate is the key to reduce wound infection and promote wound healing.