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Neurophotonics for Peripheral Nerves
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Ashfaq Ahmed, Yuqiang Bai, Jessica C. Ramella-Roman, Ranu Jung
Nerve fibers, both afferent and efferent, are grouped in fascicles surrounded by connective tissue in the peripheral nerve (Peters and Palay, 1991). The fascicular architecture changes with an increasing number of fascicles of smaller size from the proximal to the distal end of the nerve. These fascicles eventually give origin to branches that innervate distinct targets, either muscular or cutaneous. In addition to bundles of nerve fibers, the peripheral nerves are composed of three supportive sheaths: epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. The epineurium is the outermost layer, composed of loose connective tissue and carries blood vessels that supply the nerve. The perineurium surrounds each fascicle in the nerve. It consists of inner layers of flat perineurial cells and an outer layer of collagen fibers organized in longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique bundles. The perineurium is the main contributor to the tensile strength of the nerve, acts as a diffusion barrier, and maintains the endoneurial fluid pressure. The endoneurium is composed of fibroblasts, collagen and reticular fibers, and extracellular matrix, occupying the space between nerve fibers within the fascicle. The endoneurial collagen fibrils are packed around each nerve fiber to form the walls of the endoneurial tubules. Inside these tubules, axons are accompanied by Schwann cells, which either myelinate or just surround the axons (Peters and Palay, 1991).
Spinal Cord and Reflexes
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
In a manner exactly analogous to skeletal muscle (Figure 9.1), the individual nerve fibers of a peripheral nerve are surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue, the endoneurium. Groups of nerve fibers are bundled together into fascicles that are surrounded in turn by another layer of connective tissue, the perineurium. The whole nerve is ensheathed by a layer of connective tissue, the epineurium. Blood vessels run between the fascicles.
METH Research on Design Paradigm of Cultural Heritage Based on Embodied Cognition
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Hao Hu, Qinghua Li, Xiaoxiao Cao
According to Figure 3, body composition represents the subject of Embodied Cognition, including sensory organs and motor tissues, the sensory organs receive the information of the heritage environment, and the motor tissues interacts with the heritage environment. The endoneurium, a layer of connective tissue that covers the myelin sheath, wraps each axon within motor neurons. Fascicules are bundles of axons that are enveloped with perineurium. All afferent, efferent, and central integration and processing components involved in maintaining functional joint stability are included in the sensorimotor system. Although ocular and vestibular input have a role, from a clinical orthopedic standpoint, peripheral mechanoreceptors are the most crucial. The design function, design form, and design content of sensory organs and motor tissues in body composition are shown in Table 1.