China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Spectral CT Imaging Using MARS Scanners
Published in Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski, Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
Aamir Y. Raja, Steven P. Gieseg, Sikiru A. Adebileje, Steven D. Alexander, Maya R. Amma, Fatemeh Asghariomabad, Ali Atharifard, Benjamin Bamford, Stephen T. Bell, Srinidhi Bheesette, Anthony P. H. Butler, Philip H. Butler, Pierre Carbonez, Alexander I. Chernoglazov, Shishir Dahal, Jérôme Damet, Niels J. A. de Ruiter, Robert M. N. Doesburg, Brian P. Goulter, Joseph L. Healy, Praveen K. Kanithi, Stuart P. Lansley, Chiara Lowe, V. B. H. Mandalika, Emmanuel Marfo, Aysouda Matanaghi, Mahdieh Moghiseh, Raj K. Panta, Hannah M. Prebble, Nanette Schleich, Emily Searle, Jereena S. Sheeja, Rayhan Uddin, Lieza Vanden Broeke, V. S. Vivek, E. Peter Walker, Michael F. Walsh, Manoj Wijesooriya
Patients with advanced unstable plaques identified following a stroke are often treated by carotid endarterectomy, a surgical procedure where the carotid artery is cut open and the plaque tissue is peeled off the artery muscle layer. This surgery has a significant risk associated with it, so surgeons prefer to operate only when there is a clear risk to the patient from further rupture events. The current imaging techniques, though, provide only limited indications of the plaque stability with much of the decision based on level of stenosis, calcification, and the patient's general health for surgery. MARS imaging of excised atheroma, under typical clinical x-ray dose and energy levels, has shown that the key features of these vulnerable plaques can be clearly seen [6, 18, 92, 93].
Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Common indications for diagnostic imaging include recent TIA, suspected CVA (cerebral vascular accident [stroke]) and for cases of suspected carotid dissection. The main intervention post-imaging is for recent TIA or CVA due to significant carotid stenosis. Stenoses may be routinely treated by surgical endarterectomy. Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to endarterectomy.
Effects of ambient particulate matter on vascular tissue: a review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Kristina Shkirkova, Krista Lamorie-Foote, Michelle Connor, Arati Patel, Giuseppe Barisano, Hans Baertsch, Qinghai Liu, Todd E. Morgan, Constantinos Sioutas, William J. Mack
Air pollution derived PM exposure contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression in experimental models. The potential for deposition of nanoparticles (NP) in atherosclerotic plaques was suggested by Miller et al. (2017) in ApoE knockout mice using intratracheal administration of engineered gold nanomaterial to simulate environmental NP. Similar findings were demonstrated in human studies. Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy who inhaled AuNP prior to surgery subsequently possessed gold present in their carotid artery plaques. Further, PM2.5 exposure-induced oxidative stress was found to enhance atherosclerosis in mice (Ying et al. 2009). ApoE knockout mice exhibited elevated ROS levels (300% increases in inducible NOS), and greater atherosclerotic plaque areas following PM2.5 exposure.
Device profile of the MobiusHD EVBA system for the treatment of resistant hypertension: overview of its mechanism of action, safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Mark C. Bates, Gregg W. Stone, Chao-Yin Chen, Wilko Spiering
While the EVBA has the potential to reduce BP and thus avoid end-organ damage in patients with RHTN, many unanswered questions need to be addressed in future clinical trials. First and foremost is that of short-term and long-term device safety including but not limited ipsilateral stroke risk, unexpected carotid bulb remodeling, and impact on the future need of carotid endarterectomy. The occurrence of ipsilateral transient ischemic attacks that occurred in the CALM-FIM study heightened the need for strong safety data. The device success will depend on proven clinical RHTN benefit that outweighs any of the inherent risks for an ipsilateral hemispheric periprocedural event or long-term unexpected consequences from the carotid implant. These safety and efficacy questions are the principal aims of the ongoing CALM-2 studies. Regardless of the results of the ongoing EVBA trials, we anticipate this translational work will enhance the understanding of the CS contribution to hypertension and may contribute to the development of future device or pharmacologic RHTN solutions.
Central arterial pressure estimation based on two peripheral pressure measurements using one-dimensional blood flow simulation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Dániel Gyürki, Péter Sótonyi, György Paál
One of the most frequent localisation of plaque formation is on the carotid artery wall at the bifurcation, thus narrowing the lumen area. One possible solution is an open surgery when the plaque is removed from the artery, called carotid endarterectomy. The main disadvantage of this surgical intervention is the need for the clamping of the carotid arteries, which are the main suppliers of the brain. One of the reasons for the Circle of Willis (CoW), which is the most important collateral system of the brain, is to create redundancy and support the brain in the case of narrowing or blocking of the supplying arteries. However, sometimes anatomical variations in the CoW can hinder this functionality (Montisci et al. 2013; Banga et al. 2018).