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Pharmaceutical Application of Chitosan Derivatives
Published in Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain, Dilipkumar Pal, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, 2019
Fiona Concy Rodrigues, Krizma Singh, Goutam Thakur
Researchers have developed and studied many composite scaffolds for the treatment of wounds, for example, α-chitin/nanosilver scaffolds prepared by Madhumathi et al., (2010) had antibacterial as well as blood coagulating property. Moreover, Sudheesh et al., (2010) assessed and characterized β-chitin/nanosilver scaffolds for cell adhesion property and discovered that the chitin scaffolds embedded with nanosilver were perfect for treating wounds and burns (Kumar et al., 2010). Therefore, there are a lot of formulations out on the market in numerous derivatives of CS in the form of hydrogels, films, composites, etc. For instance, CS-based Hem Con bandages are widely known to treat external hemorrhage in both military and civilian prehospital areas (Bennett et al., n.d.). Similarly, Celox gauze offers emergency bleeding control; CS is positively charged and therefore attracts red blood cells, which carry a negative charge and then develop a clot around the wound. As illustrated in the diagram below (Figure 6.5), CS becomes sticky and swells upon coming into contact with blood, forming a soft gel-like clot which seals the skin and controls the bleeding (Weng, 2008). Sparks and Murray fabricated a film from CS and gelatin complex to be used as a dressing. The British Textile Technology Group patented the procedure to make dressings from CS, which was obtained from a nonanimal source, i.e., the micro-fungi (Elieh-Ali-Komi and Hamblin, 2016). It has been established that growth factors can be stabilized by heparin. Therefore, heparin along with water-soluble CS is being examined as a wound-healing matrix (Kweon, Song and Park, 2003). There are numerous CS-based commodities on the market, for instance, Chito-Seal, Chitopack, TraumaStat, etc. that promote wound healing (Cheung et al., 2015).
Chitin and Chitosan and Their Polymers
Published in Abdullah Al-Mamun, Jonathan Y. Chen, Industrial Applications of Biopolymers and their Environmental Impact, 2020
Md. Saifur Rahaman, Jahid M.M. Islam, Md. Serajum Manir, Md. Rabiul Islam, Mubarak A. Khan
For patients seeking plastic surgery, skin grafting, and endoscopic sinus surgery, wound healing is a prime concern, and chitosan based wound dressing have been found to be suitable in this regard [142–143]. There are a number of chitosan-based wound dressings available in the market at present, in the form of non-wovens, composites, nanofibers, sponges, and films [144–145]. These wound dressing bandages showed efficacious hemostasis in penetrating limb trauma, emergency bleeding control capability, and all of them offer an antibacterial barrier.
Development of polydopamine functionalized porous starch for bleeding control with the assistance of NIR light
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Chuang Liu, Ziyang Liu, Jie Wang, Yanjie Bai, Xun Sun, Qiang Yang, Xinlong Ma, Huan Zhou, Lei Yang
Based on the above premises, in current work a polydopamine (PDA) functionalized porous starch powder (PS-PDA) for emergency bleeding control was developed, purposed to take the advantage of hemostatic effects of both components. In brief, porous starch (PS) microspheres were prepared by hydrolysis of original starch followed by dopamine polymerization to generate PDA coating onto starch surfaced (Figure 1). Physical/chemical properties as well as hemo/cyto-compatibility of as-prepared PS-PDA were studied. Moreover, hypothesis that mild increase of in situ temperature of hemostat can accelerate blood coagulation was evaluated using NIR light exposure. Finally, SD rat tail-amputation model was used to compare the efficiency of PS-PDA and PS in hemorrhage control.