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Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
The incubation period for the EVD is 2–21 days from the time of infection to when symptoms appear. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. Initial symptoms are the sudden onset of fever (>101°F/38.3°C), fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, symptoms of impaired kidney and liver function and, in some cases, both internal and external bleeding (e.g., oozing from the gums, blood in the stools). Laboratory findings may include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes. It may be difficult to distinguish EVD from other infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever and meningitis. Confirmation that symptoms are caused by EVD is made using the following investigations: Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)Antigen-capture detection testsReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assayElectron microscopyVirus isolation by culture
Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
The incubation period for the EVD is 2–21 days from the time of infection to when symptoms appear. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. Initial symptoms are the sudden onset of fever (>101°F/38.3°C), fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, symptoms of impaired kidney and liver function and in some cases, both internal and external bleeding (e.g., oozing from the gums, blood in the stools). Laboratory findings may include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes. It may be difficult to distinguish EVD from other infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever, and meningitis. Confirmation that symptoms are caused by EVD are made using the following investigations: Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)Antigen-capture detection testsReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assayElectron microscopyVirus isolation by culture
Aegle marmelos
Published in Cristobal N. Aguilar, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2019
Hema Joshi, Rajeev Singh, Anamika Singh
It is found that bael leaves have excellent liver-protective effect. Liver diseases are usually caused due to overexposure to toxins or due to infections. Research has shown that bael has antifungal, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties that protect the liver against infections and injury. Toxic agents cause damage to the liver cells, which in turn leads to injury and elevates the level of liver enzymes in the bloodstream. Furthermore, formation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of alcoholic liver disease and causes damage to the liver. Bael increases the level of antioxidants in the bloodstream such as glutathione and superoxide dismutase and inhibited the action of toxic agents. It further restores the normal structure and function of liver cells. Treatment with bael extract reduces the level of elevated liver enzymes, which is an important indicator of restoring normal liver function.
Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of liraglutide in experimental model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Mai Salah Nour, Zeinab Abd El-Hay Sakara, Nawal Awad Hasanin, Shereen Mohamed Hamed
As compared to the control group, the rats of the FLD group had significantly higher serum levels of AST and ALT. These findings were in agreement with those of Liu et al. [29] and Chen et al. [30]. The elevated liver enzymes indicate liver cell injury because of their leakage from injured hepatocytes. It can be due to oxidative stress and the direct toxic effect of free fatty acids (FFA) [31]. Hyperlipidemia was detected in the FLD group of rats. There was a high level of TGs, TC, LDL and low level of HDL, in contrast to the control group. Zhang et al. [32] and Cao et al. [33] both agreed with these findings.