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Screening and Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
Manu Sharma, Ranju Soni, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Veera Sadhu, Raghavendra V. Kulkarni
Diabetes is amalgamated with a variety of peripheral nerve complications. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy is nearly 50% of patients suffering from diabetes. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy are the usual conditions affecting diabetic patients. Common symptoms like numbness, tingling, poor balance, and pain expressed as burning and electric shock sensations are often reported by patients. However, the precise mechanism of happening of neuropathic pain is unclear. It has been postulated in the literature that metabolic dysfunction leads to oxidative and inflammatory stress in cells responsible for ultimate damage to nerve cells. The quality of life of the sufferer is usually diminished due to depletion of sensation, movement interruption, and foot ulceration [18].
Innovations in Mine Safety Engineering
Published in Debi Prasad Tripathy, Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019
Electric shock is a physiological reaction caused when an electric current passes through the human body. The common cause of electric shock is contact with electrical wiring. It occurs when a worker either directly or indirectly is exposed to live electric wiring. A less common, but still probable, cause of electric shock is exposure to high voltages. A high voltage can be sufficient to jump an air gap between the victim and the electric device. Depending on the magnitude of current, length of exposure time, and dry or wet skin condition, the severity and consequences of an electric shock may vary from minor shock to fatal electrocution. The relationship between the amount of current for a 60-cycle hand-to-foot path of one second’s duration of shock and the degree of injury is presented in Table 10.3.
The hazards and risks from electricity
Published in John M. Madden, Electrical Safety and the Law, 2017
Shock injuries are almost always associated with alternating current (a.c.), while direct current (d.c.) electric shock injuries are rare. This is partly because a.c. systems dominate in the workplace and in the home, but also because the excitation effects of direct current on the nervous system are less severe than those of the equivalent magnitude of alternating current. For this reason, only the effects of current at the most common power frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz will be considered in detail, where Hz or Hertz is the SI unit of frequency measured in cycles per second. Broadly, 50 Hz is the power frequency in Europe, Africa, Russia, China, Australia and New Zealand, whereas 60 Hz is used on the North and South American continents, and in countries such as South Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia.
High-Power Converters and Challenges in Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging – A Review
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
S. Kodeeswaran, M. Nandhini Gayathri, P. Sanjeevikumar, Rafael Peña-Alzola
The CPT power transfer is also influenced by metallic and dielectric materials. When implementing this CPT technology, coupling capacitance also changes due to foreign objects and circuit resonances. External objects within a CPT system can greatly affect the amount of power transmitted. This can lead to a significant rise in the voltages and currents on the components within the circuit, which could potentially surpass their limits. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate how the existence of foreign objects can impact CPT. Furthermore, the electric field within the CPT system can also cause power to be lost in a foreign object, causing it to become excessively hot and potentially posing a fire risk. Additionally, the electric field can induce a voltage in a metallic foreign object, which may lead to the possibility of electric shock. As a result, studying foreign objects in a CPT system is meaningful and necessary. The metal object impact in the CPT system is explained in Figure 22 (a) and (b) [61]. Here, the plate dimension is 100 × 100 mm, and the thickness is 2 mm. The metal dimension is similar to the IPT system taken; the results show a metal object reduces the electric field from 21.7 kV/m to 18.7 kV/m at the center of the plate. Procedure for the FOD system
Beyond the neural correlates of consciousness: using brain stimulation to elucidate causal mechanisms underlying conscious states and contents
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021
Corinne A. Bareham, Matt Oxner, Tim Gastrell, David Carmel
Our review focusses on research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the most common method for non-invasive brain stimulation.1 TMS operates by passing a strong, brief electric current through a conductive coil that is held against a person’s head. The coil is isolated, so the person does not receive an electric shock; however, an electric current is always accompanied by a magnetic field – and the brief magnetic pulse induces corresponding electric activity in the part of the brain closest to the coil, disrupting coordinated activity in the neural tissue (Hallett 2007; Parkin et al. 2015).