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Cholera Outbreak in Jerusalem 1970, Revisited: The Evidence for Transmission by Wastewater Irrigated Vegetables
Published in John R. Goldsmith, Environmental Epidemiology: Epidemiological Investigation of Community Environmental Health Problems, 2019
Badri Fattal, Perez Yekutiel, Hillel I. Shuval
The first three cases of cholera in Jerusalem appeared simultaneously in three different locations and in widely disparate social groups. Within 12 hr of admission on August 20th, 1970, of a 30-year-old woman living in a Jerusalem suburb to hospital, confirmation was obtained of the first case of cholera.2,4 As demonstrated by serological testing, the outbreak consisted of two serotypes of V. cholerae: El Tor, Inaba and Ogawa. Within several weeks, the cholera had spread rapidly, and eventually, 258 acute cases (176 in Jerusalem and 82 cases in nearby villages) were confirmed. Figure 1 presents the weekly numbers of the 176 Jerusalem cases, from Sunday to Saturday. It can be seen that cholera started with three cases in the 1st week, increased to 17 in the 2nd week, then 26, followed by 37, and reached a peak in the 5th week of 59 cases. It then dropped to 30 cases and the 7th and the final week only had 4 cases.
Interaction between bacterial enteric pathogens and aquatic macrophytes. Can Salmonella be internalized in the plants used in phytoremediation processes?
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Filippo Chiudioni, Stefania Marcheggiani, Camilla Puccinelli, Laura Mancini
A limited number of studies focused on the ability of enteric pathogens to adhere to macrophytes. Cordoba Aguilar et al. (2014) reported the association between Vibrio cholera El Tor and aquatic macrophyte roots of Eichhornia crassipens and Lemna minor. The isolation of V. cholera El Tor Inaba several years after the last emergence of cholera in Mexico from both E. crassipens and L. minor roots, suggested the importance of these plants as a permanent aquatic reservoir for these organisms. In addition, according to the results of Cordoba-Aquilar and coworkers’ study (Córdoba-Aguilar et al.2018), lectins present in roots of E. crassipens and L. minor may be involved in the proliferation and survival of V. cholerae.