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Measuring the Motile Properties of Single Dynein Molecules
Published in Keiko Hirose, Handbook of Dynein, 2019
Hideo Higuchi, Chikako Shingyoji
Intracellular transport along microtubules is driven by the molecular motors of the kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein families. Dyneins and kinesins can be attached to the same cargo, which results in a tug-of-war between the motors. The force generated by the motors in cells was measured using an optical trap of endosomes. The value of the stall force generated by dynein bound to Dictyostelium endosomes was calculated to be 1.1 pN [35]. Gross and his group reported that there was a higher stall force of approximately 2.6 pN in Drosophila embryos [33]. This suggests that previous data (∼1 pN) were underestimated because of the inclusion of premature detachments in the analysis [33]. In contrast to these results, Sims and Xie optically trapped a lipid droplet in human cells and calculated the stall force generated by single dynein molecules to be 3–5 pN [25]. The stall force of single dynein molecules in human cells was slightly smaller than 6–8 pN obtained in the in vitro assay using porcine dynein. The forces measured in the cell may be underestimated because detachment of dynein before stalling will be included in the data [33].
Markov modeling of run length and velocity for molecular motors
Published in Applicable Analysis, 2022
James L. Buchanan, Robert P. Gilbert
Intracellular cargo is moved along the cytoskeletal tracks by the molecular motors kinesin, dynein, and myosin. Asbury et al. [1], Muthukrishnan et al. [2], Elting et al. [3] and Shastry and Hancock [4] describe in vitro experiments in which the procession of molecular motors along microtubule tracks attached to glass plates is measured. The latter three articles give statistics on the length traversed until detachment.