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3D Nanoprinting in the Biomedical Industries
Published in Ajit Behera, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Smart 3D Nanoprinting, 2023
Vaibhavi Srivastava, Mayank Handa, Rahul Shukla
Nanotechnology deals with the formation and development of tiny structures of size 0.1 to 100 nm. For potential delivery of drugs, nanotechnology is being applied in drug-delivery systems. Utilisation of nanotechnology in delivering drugs improves poor water-soluble drug bioavailability, improves absorption, targets drug delivery, provides sustainability to highly soluble drugs, enhances permeation through barriers, and amplifies the therapeutic efficiency of the drug. Nanotechnology helps to explore new probabilities like dual targeting, theranostic applications, and stimuli responsive release. Examples of nanotechnology applied in drug-delivery systems are polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, nanocrystals, micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanoemulsions, etc.
Nanobiotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
In recent times, drug delivery has become an important field to improve the effectiveness of drug therapy, and efforts have been made to improve the drug delivery system to avoid pain and to enhance target-specific delivery with minimum side effects. We will first find out what kinds of drug delivery methods are available. Drug delivery is the method or process of administering a drug to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans. The most common methods of drug delivery include the preferred noninvasive peroral (through the mouth), topical (skin), transmucosal (nasal, buccal/sublingual, vaginal, ocular, and rectal) and inhalation routes. Many medications, such as peptides and proteins, antibodies, vaccines, and gene-based drugs in general, may not be delivered using these routes, because they might be susceptible to enzymatic degradation or cannot be absorbed into the systemic circulation efficiently enough to be therapeutically effective because of molecular size and charge issues; for this reason, many proteins and peptide drugs must be delivered by injection. For example, many immunizations are based on the delivery of protein drugs and are often administered by injection.
Delivery of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using Nanoparticles
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Abdullah Shaito, Houssein Hajj Hassan
The use of novel drug delivery systems such as carrier-based drug delivery has enhanced drug efficacy and reduced drug side effects. A main advantage of carrier-based drug delivery systems is that they can be used in targeted therapy, which eliminates many of the adverse effects of systemic drug delivery. Nanoparticles have shown better efficiency than counterpart carrier-based drug delivery systems. Nonetheless, proven and tested protocols should be designed to determine short-as well as long-term toxicities associated with certain nanoparticle formulations. Recently, nanoparticles have been used for the delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Checkpoint inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles have shown enhanced efficacy and reduced adverse immune reactions under a multitude of experimental preclinical settings. It remains to be seen whether these effects will prove beneficial in clinical settings. In the near future, we should witness a surge of clinical trials employing nanoparticles for the delivery of check point inhibitors.
Assessing the performance of Al- and Ga-doped BNNTs for sensing and delivering Cytarabine and Gemcitabine anticancer drugs: a M06-2X study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
Hossein Roohi, Mino Rouhi, Ahmad Facehi
Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, manufacturing techniques, storage systems, and technologies involved in transporting a pharmaceutical compound to its target site to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. The pharmaceutical industry has faced a major challenge in recent decades, which is the development of innovative drug delivery techniques. This area has received a lot of attention, as it is crucial for improving drug efficacy and reducing side effects. [1–3]. To enhance drug efficacy, reduce overall drug dosages, protect drugs from the biological environment, extend the drug lifetime in the bloodstream, and increase drug solubility, the use of free nano-materials (NMs) as the carriers of therapeutic molecules has been extensively explored [4–10]. The primary objective of using nanocarriers in drug delivery, similar to other drug delivery systems, is to efficiently treat a disease while minimizing side effects. Therefore, effective drug delivery utilizing nanocarriers requires two critical requirements: slow and sustained drug release, as well as targeted delivery to a specific site [11–13].
Combined microfluidics and drying processes for the continuous production of micro-/nanoparticles for drug delivery: a review
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Ankit Patil, Pritam Patil, Sagar Pardeshi, Preena Shrimal, Norma Rebello, Popat B. Mohite, Aniruddha Chatterjee, Arun Mujumdar, Jitendra Naik
Drug delivery refers to the method or process used to deliver a drug to suitable sites effectively to achieve the benefits of the drug. By selecting a proper delivery method, one can often alter the degree of effectiveness of some medicines. Suitable changes could bring about pharmaceutical applications by altering the physical properties of the therapeutics.[1] Targeted drug delivery is used for delivering increased drug concentration at a particular site, which improves the efficiency of the drug at the targeted site while reducing its side effects at the non-target site. Targeting drugs is usually attained by utilizing a carrier. So, targeting drugs through a carrier system has been a significant point of research in therapeutics.[2,3] In the last few decades, many new drug delivery technologies have emerged, among which the preparation of drug particles in nanosized is more effective. Nanosized drug particles help to overcome many hurdles like low solubility and bioavailability and can provide site-specific release using a smart carriers.[4]
Guar gum-g-poly(N-acryloyl-L-phenyl alanine) based pH responsive smart hydrogels for in-vitro anticancer drug delivery
Published in Soft Materials, 2022
Jalababu Ramani, Madhusudhan Alle, Garima Sharma, K.V.N. Suresh Reddy, Yeongmin Park, K.S.V. Krishna Rao, Jin-Chul Kim
Researchers have been keen on developing potential pharmaceutical carriers for sustained drug release applications in the new millennium. The advantages of controlled-release drug delivery systems include enhanced drug availability, improved pharmacokinetics, increased stability against chemical/enzymatic degradation, and targeted delivery.[1] The traditional administration of oral drugs increased maximum drug levels in the bloodstream in a short time, followed by a rapid decrease before the administration of the next dose. In the traditional drug administrative method, the drug concentration in the blood is generally maintained between toxic maximum and ineffective minimum levels.[2] Thus, the controlled-release drug delivery systems are preferred to maintain an optimum drug level in the blood for a longer time. Moreover, the controlled-release drug delivery systems work under the physiological stimulus that result in the increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced nonspecific toxicity profile of the drugs.