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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Vasoconstriction in response to cold is a normal thermoregulatory response; the cooled area restricts blood flow via adrenergic sympathetic vasoconstriction to prevent further loss of heat. In the case of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), this response becomes exaggerated and can even be triggered by emotional distress.159 RP patients exhibit a dramatic discoloration of the fingers and/or toes, often recurring in episodes.160 Anatomically, total restriction of blood flow to a finger or toe requires closure of both arteries supplying that digit (Figure 11.39). The disorder may range from relatively benign temporary vasospasm to severe progressive microangiopathy brought on by systemic sclerosis or other autoimmune diseases.161
Ionizing Radiation
Published in David M. Scott, Industrial Process Sensors, 2018
The use of ionizing radiation in process sensors requires special consideration, since the improper use of it can cause bodily injury or death. The danger stems from the fact that ionizing radiation deposits enough energy in body tissue to damage or kill living cells. Large amounts of radiation received over a short time span can cause extensive tissue damage and even result in death, but such incidents are rare. Acute localized exposure to a limb or digit can result in the loss of the appendage. In most cases of exposure, however, there may be no immediate effect. Health effects from low or moderate doses of radiation include an elevated risk of developing leukemia or cancer, but these conditions often do not appear until several years after the exposure.
Blastema formation in mammalian digit-tip regeneration
Published in David M. Gardiner, Regenerative Engineering and Developmental Biology, 2017
This amputation level–dependent ability of digit regeneration is later extensively examined in mice (Neufeld and Zhao 1993, Zhao and Neufeld 1995, Han et al. 2008). Pioneering studies by Neufeld and Zhao revealed that amputation through the distal-most 30% of the terminal phalanx (distal amputation) resulted in the significant distal elongation and distal tapering of the terminal phalanx (Figure 21.1) (Neufeld and Zhao 1993, 1995). In contrast, amputations through the proximal 20% of the distal phalanx (proximal amputation) precluded nail plate regrowth, and the bone grew minimally or regressed (Figure 21.1). Amputation through the intermediate 40% of the distal phalanx yielded variable responses, and both bone growth and lack of bone growth were observed. Importantly, they noticed that nail regrowth also was variable, and bone regrowth was always correlated with nail regrowth, suggesting the role of the nail organ in digit-tip regeneration.
Increase in foot arch asymmetry after full marathon completion
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Mako Fukano, Kento Nakagawa, Takayuki Inami, Ayako Higashihara, Satoshi Iizuka, Takaya Narita, Toshihiro Maemichi, Akane yoshimura, Shota Yamaguchi, Shigeo Iso
A portable three-dimensional foot scanner (JMS-2100CU, Dream GP, Osaka, Japan) was used to measure foot posture. The accuracy of this scanner was shown in a previous study; the error was < 0.2 mm for lengths (Fukano et al., 2018). Three-dimensional foot postures of the participants were obtained in the standing and sitting positions (Figure 1). In the standing position, the participants were asked to keep a relaxed upright position with their bare feet approximately shoulder width apart. During scanning, the foot aligned with the longitudinal axis, which is the line connecting the mid-point of the heel to the second digit head, with a guideline drawn on the foot bearing area of the foot scanner. In the sitting position, the participants were asked to sit with their bare feet approximately shoulder width apart and with 90° knee flexion and 0° ankle dorsi/plantar flexion. The foot placement was similar to that in the standing position. Anatomical landmarks of the most medial point of the navicular bone were identified by palpation and marked prior to scanning. The foot outline and marks were automatically recognised. The foot length and distance from the floor of the navicular bone mark were calculated by the foot scanner system.
Inhibitory control expertise through sports practice: A scoping review
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2023
Marie Simonet, Debra Beltrami, Jérôme Barral
In the study of Yamashiro et al. (2021), the Go/NoGo task results showed that baseball players exhibited better somatosensory discrimination compared to the athletics group (reflected by decreased RTs in the baseball players). The somatosensory Go/NoGo task was implemented by current pulses delivered to the second digit (NoGo condition) and the fifth digit (Go condition) of the dominant hand. Since baseball is an open-skill sport that takes place in a fast-paced and unpredictable environment, player actions often need to be adapted or suppressed. In contrast, in a closed-skill sport like athletics, characterized by a stable and predictable environment, the inhibition processes are likely to be less stimulated.
Autonomous industrial assembly using force, torque, and RGB-D sensing
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
James Watson, Austin Miller, Nikolaus Correll
Van Wyk et al. [20] use a tilt-insert method very similar to ours with a four-digit robot hand and in-finger load cells, albeit using much larger 3D-printed parts and hard-coded positions instead of vision. The system they present achieves a slightly higher success rate (0.88) than ours, and signifies there is a great opportunity to improve on the benchmark presented here.