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Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Decidua basalis is a term given to the uterine endometrium at the site of implantation where signaling transforms the uterine stromal cells (fibroblast-like) into decidual cells. This forms the maternal component of the placenta, the decidualization process gradually spreads through the remainder of the uterus, forming the decidua parietalis.
Iron status in athletic females, a shift in perspective on an old paradigm
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Claire E. Badenhorst, Kazushige Goto, Wendy J. O’Brien, Stacy Sims
For spontaneous decidualisation to occur, researchers have recognized that there are multiple signalling pathways which are expressed in the uterus during decidualisation, including BMP2, WNT, JAK/STAT and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Emera et al., 2012). The mechanisms for spontaneous decidualisation are still under investigation; however, it is acknowledged that progesterone is required for the process to occur and be maintain in the luteal phase of the cycle. While progesterone is needed, research has suggested that cAMP is essential for inducing the decidualisation process in endometrial stroma cells prior to progesterone reaching its peak in luteal phase. Elevations in cAMP are reported from the secretory phase relative to the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle (Tanaka et al., 1993). In response to induced endometrial stress and gluconeogenic signalling, increases in cAMP and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein have been shown to bind to and transactivate the hepcidin promoter, enabling an increase in serum hepcidin levels that occurs in the absence of inflammatory signals (Vecchi et al., 2014, 2009). The regulation of hepcidin in response to cAMP response element-binding protein throughout the menstrual cycle has not yet been investigated. Such research may provide insight into the cellular mechanism associated with iron homoeostasis throughout the menstrual cycle. This may be of relevance, especially when considering the associations with the commencement of decidualisation via cAMP, and the fluctuations in hepcidin throughout the cycle that may be initiated by increases in cAMP in the luteal phase and subsequently sustained by increased progesterone.