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Mixed Function Oxygenase Induction by Pulp Mill Effluents: Advances Since 1991
Published in Mark R. Servos, Kelly R. Munkittrick, John H. Carey, Glen J. Van Der Kraak, and PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS, 2020
Whole, unfiltered secondary-treated BKME from a mill with a high degree of ClO2 substitution induced EROD activity in trout. In contrast to reverse osmosis, effluent filtration through 1.0 μ glass-fiber filters followed by a 0.2 μ tangential-flow filter caused no loss in potency for induction. However, methanol extracts of the filtered solids induced greater activity than did the original effluent (Burnison et al. 1994). Filtered BKME lost some potency for induction after flocculation with DEAE cellulose to remove humic acids and color, and residual potency was removed completely by C-18 filtration. Inducers removed by DEAE cellulose and C-18 resins could be recovered by methanol extraction in a quantitative way, as shown by MFO induction in trout (Burnison et al. 1994).
Microcarrier Culture Systems
Published in Anthony S. Lubiniecki, Large-Scale Mammalian Cell Culture Technology, 2018
(6) Positively charged cellulose MCs. Most of the available MCs have a beaded shape. The main reason for this is ease of production since these MCs are usually produced by an emulsion technique (34). The only nonbeaded MCs are the DEAE-cellulose ones. Reuveny et al. (50, 51, 70) reported that DEAE-cellulose anion exchange resins, mainly used for chromatography, can also be used as MCs for propagating ADCs. Two types of cellulose carriers are used: MCs made of microgranular DEAE-cellulose which are rigid in their nature (DE-52 or DE-53 of Whatman). These MCs support growth of primary cells and cell lines (Figs. 3B, 3C, 4, and 5). MCs made of positively charged fibrous cellulose which are nonrigid in nature and can be bent (QAE, 2-hydroxypropyl aminoethyl, DEAE and TEAE, triethyl aminoethyl, celluloses from Sigma, St. Louis).
Immobilization of Biomolecules
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Bionanotechnology, 2018
There are different types of matrices available, which may differ in their physical and chemical properties such as pore size and affinity toward water and chemical properties. Based on their chemical composition, matrices are divided into two major groups: organic and inorganic groups. Organic matrix is further classified into natural and synthetic polymers. Natural polymers such as alginate, chitosan and chitin, collage, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, and sepharose are used as support for immobilization purpose. Synthetic polymers include insoluble ion exchange resins or polymers with porous surface, for example, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and UV-activated polyethylene glycol (PEG). Inorganic materials comprise of zeolites, ceramics, celite, silica, glass, activated carbon, and charcoal (Datta et al. 2013).
Purification and characterization of chitinase produced by thermophilic fungi Thermomyces lanuginosus
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Nisha Suryawanshi, J. Satya Eswari
The proteins obtained from ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis was then purified using DEAE-cellulose column (an ion exchange chromatography). The Econo-Pac polypropylene column of 14 cm, 1.5 × 12 cm from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. India, was used with the DEAE-cellulose column which contains the positive charge and attracts to bind with the negatively charged proteins. DEAE-cellulose beads were pre-swollen and washed with 50 mL distilled water before being equilibrated with 150 mL chilled 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7). The dialyzed solution was poured into the packed washed DEAE-cellulose column and allowed to bind for 2 h at 4 °C. The bound protein was then eluted using a linear sodium chloride gradient (0.2–1 M) in the same buffer (20 mL of each). The flow rate was 2 mL/min, and a total of 10 fractions with 10 mL per fraction, with two fractions per gradient were collected and analyzed for protein concentration as well as enzyme activity.
A New Method for the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Bacillus sp. and Detect the Presence of PHA Synthase
Published in Smart Science, 2018
Sasikala Sadasivam, Santhosh Sigamani, Hemalatha Venkatachalam, Dhandapani Ramamurthy
DEAE cellulose (5.0 g) was added to distilled water (100 mL), stirred slowly, and kept overnight for swelling. Swollen DEAE cellulose was filtered by a Buchner funnel and was incubated with 0.5 N HCl (100 mL) and kept for 1 h. Acid-treated ion exchange was collected by filtration and was washed with distilled water continuously till pH 7.0 was attained, 0.5 N NaOH (100 mL) was added and stirred on a magnetic stirrer for 1 h at 25 °C. A volume of 3 mL was collected and observed under UV spectrophotometer at 260 nm.
Techno-economic analysis of production and purification of lipase from Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2193)
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Hrithik Baradia, S. Muthu Kumar, Soham Chattopadhyay
A partially purified enzyme was subject to further purification using cation exchange chromatography. The dialyzed enzyme solution was added into the DEAE-Cellulose column previously equilibrated with the 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 9). After washing with two-bed volumes of the initial buffer, elution was performed with elution buffer at three different pHs (6, 7, and 8, respectively). The fractions were collected and checked for protein presence and lipase activity determination.