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Chromatography
Published in Pau Loke Show, Chien Wei Ooi, Tau Chuan Ling, Bioprocess Engineering, 2019
Kirupa Sankar Muthuvelu, Senthil Kumar Arumugasamy
Ion exchange chromatography is a widely applied purification technique because of its major advantages, such as wide applicability, large sample-handling capacity, high resolving ability, simplicity in scaling-up, and automation (Knudsen et al., 2001). In the pharmaceutical industry, ion exchange chromatography is applied to determine the purity and contents of a substance, and to control drug production.In semiconductor production, it is used for finding trace amounts of ions to test for organic solvent purity (Bonn, 1987).In the cement industry, it is used to determine the presence of heavy metals.In the chemical industry, it is used to determine the purity and the presence of heavy metals.In the petrochemical industry, it is used to determine the presence of amines, mineral acids, and sulfur ions in solutions.In the metallurgical industry, it is used to determine the composition of steel and other alloys.In the paper industry, it is used to determine the presence of chlorine, transition metals, and sulfur in wastewater.
Molecular Weight of Polymers
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
There are a wide variety of chromatography techniques, including paper and column techniques. Chromatographic techniques involve passing a solution containing the to-be-tested sample through a medium that shows selective absorption for the different components in the solution. Ion exchange chromatography separates molecules on the basis of their electrical charge. Ion-exchange resins are either polyanions or polycations. For a polycation resin, those particles that are least attracted to the resin will flow more rapidly through the column and be emitted from the column first. This technique is most useful for polymers that contain changed moieties.
Potential of Microalgae for Protein Production
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Elena M. Rojo, Alejandro Filipigh, David Moldes, Marisol Vega, Silvia Bolado
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) uses the difference between the charges of molecules to promote separation and can separate biomolecules with ionizable groups, such as proteins or peptides, from others (Corrêa et al., 2021). In this case, the column contains a resin bearing either positively or negatively charged chemical groups (Shen, 2019), but the electric charge of the ion exchangers should be made according to the pH so that the protein is more stable and soluble (Amorim et al., 2020).
Factors affecting therapeutic protein purity and yield during chromatographic purification
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Che Haznie Ayu Che Hussian, Wai Yie Leong
To achieve separation, ion-exchange chromatography depends on interactions between separate charged proteins and charged packing particles. Because buffer pH influences the kind and amount of charge on both phases, it has a substantial effect on the effectiveness of an ion-exchange chromatography step. Therefore, an appropriate buffer is required for protein purification in order to obtain the desired proteins. Some studies suggest that, depending on their hydration, buffer molecules bind to the surface of proteins and influence their electrostatic stability.[82] To appreciate the influence of different buffers on protein-protein interactions, preparatory tests to identify buffer specificity must be conducted.[83,84] It is prudent to identify the appropriate pH values for each application, as the pH chosen must be compatible with protein stability and activity.
Polyclonal antibody-based immunoassay of vitellogenin in Van fish (Alburnus tarichi)
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Elif Kaval Oğuz, Kerem Özdemir, Güler Ünal, Ahmet R. Oğuz
Different methods are used for purification studies on VTG. These methods, based on ion exchange chromatography, are time-consuming and complex. The membrane chromatography method, which has been used in recent years, is a simple, inexpensive, and rapid method. Membrane chromatography has been used extensively in the purification of plasma antibodies and albumin, monoclonal antibodies, and enzymes (Zhou and Tressel 2006). Despite these advantages, the method has a disadvantage in that the protein-holding capacity of membrane is low. The enhancement in protein retention capacity is possible with sequential attachment of multiple membranes; however, this increases the time required for purification. This method has been applied in the purification of fish VTG in recent years (Shi et al. 2003; Shao et al. 2005).
Using Mechanistic Modeling for Understanding Antibiotics Purification with Ion Exchange Chromatography
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2020
Lucrèce Nicoud, Karen-Vanessa Gonzalez, Aude Portier, Roger-Marc Nicoud
Ion exchange chromatography is a widely used separation technique, with industrial applications including water treatment,[1] molasses softening,[2] as well as (bio)pharmaceuticals purification.[3] It is important to realize that there are key differences between ion exchange chromatography and classical adsorption chromatography.[4,5] Ion exchange chromatography is based on an exchange mechanism, which means that when an ionic species arrives at the surface of the resin, other ions are necessarily released: “if one charge goes in, one charge goes out”. This exchange mechanism may significantly impact the solution chemistry. For instance, the release of H+ ions may change the solution pH, which in turn may impact acid-base equilibria. In contrast, solute adsorption has usually no impact on the solution chemistry. Another difference is that in ion exchange chromatography, all ionic sites of the resin are compensated by opposite charges at all times. In contrast, in adsorption chromatography, some adsorption sites may remain free. This implies that competition at the surface always occurs in ion exchange, whereas it may occur in adsorption chromatography.