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Rationalizing of Morphological Renal Parameters and eGFR for Chronic Kidney Disease Detection
Published in J. Dinesh Peter, Steven Lawrence Fernandes, Carlos Eduardo Thomaz, Advances in Computerized Analysis in Clinical and Medical Imaging, 2019
Deepthy Mary Alex, D. Abraham Chandy, Anand Paul
Apart from using creatinine, cystatin C is used as a marker for estimating GFR. Cystatin C can be defined as a low-molecular-weight protein produced in all the cells of the human body having a nucleus. As stated before, glomeruli also filters cystatin C freely without secretion or reabsorption. The advantage of cystatin C over creatinine is that it doesn’t depend on parameters such as age, sex, weight, height, etc. Thus, cystatin C is also being used widely in many places. It is still a controversy as to when and in which situation cystatin C should be used to estimate GFR.
Thymol Reduces Hepatorenal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Caspase-3#xd; Activation in Rats Exposed to Indomethacin
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Tijani Abiola Stephanie, Olori O. David, Ebenezer O. Farombi
The serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH; cat. No. MAK316), malate dehydrogenase (MDH; cat. no. MAK194) (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, USA), albumin (ALB; cat. no. AB361), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; cat. no. AL8004), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; cat. no. AS8003), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; cat. no. AP9762), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT; cat. no.GT3807), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH cat. no. PD409), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; cat. no. GL432), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; cat. no. LD3832) and concentrations of direct and total bilirubin (dBIL and tBIL; cat. nos. BR4058 and BR9765), creatinine (cat. no.CR2335), cystatin-C (cat. no. CYS4003), uric acid (cat. no.UA8059) and urea (cat. no.UR443) levels were estimated using commercially available kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Randox Laboratories Limited, UK). Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity assay was carried out according to the methods of La Du and Eckerson [20] by measuring arylesterase activity using phenyl acetate as a substrate. Serum purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity was measured by using a colorimetric assay as described by Chu et al. [21]. Serum arginase (ARG) activity was determined by the method of Porembska and Kedra [22]. The citrulline (CIT) level was determined according to the method described by Knipp and Vašák [23]. Hydroxyproline (HYP) level was determined according to the method described by Reddy and Enwemeka [24]. Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions) were determined by flame photometry. Serum cystatin C was estimated by immunoturbidimetric method.
Susceptibility of young and adult rat kidneys to impacts of mosquito coil fumes
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
The increase at NGAL levels is usually induced by injured epithelial cells of kidney or other organs for preserving functions, attenuating apoptosis, and enhancing proliferative response [25]. Likewise, cystatin C was reported to be more precise in detecting early and mild renal impairment than creatinine [26], as it indicates injured tubules and GFR, respectively. Assessment of Cystatin C levels in exposed groups indicated a significant increase in serum levels of cystatin C in both exposed ages compared to their respective control groups. Nejat et al. [27] agreed with these findings in experimental nephrotoxic injury, referring that this increase in a proportion related to the level of injury at kidney structure.