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Carbon Nanotubes For Biomedical Applications
Published in Shrikaant Kulkarni, Iuliana Stoica, A.K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes for a Green Environment, 2022
Another approach employed in cancer therapy is concerned with angiogenesis. It refers to the inhibition by making interference in the growth parameter balance prohibit the cause of diseases, including tumors. A sound model to explore angiogenesis is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). A work carried out by Murugesan et al. used carbon-based materials (CNT, fullerene, and graphite) to check their suitability to resist FGF2- or VEGF-induced vessel development in the CAM approach. These materials exhibited improved performance in the induced angiogenesis, with better efficiency as against VEGF, with no effect on the basal process when the growth factors are absent. The underlying mechanism in this process is yet to be elicited although it is a fact that this antiangiogenic effect can be used to advantage in cancer treatment.45
Overview on the Major Research Activities on Carbon Nanotubes Being Done in America, Europe and Asia
Published in Giorgia Pastorin, carbon nanotubes, 2019
Cécilia Ménard-Moyon, Giorgia Pastorin
In another study, the authors evaluated the in vivo pharmacological effects on the immune response deriving from the individual, simultaneous or sequential delivery of dexamethasone (DX) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).138 For the first time, imaging of a SWCNT fluorescence device implanted subcutaneously in a rat was monitored, together with the localisation of the vascular network formed around the hydrogel-coated, microcapillary implant of SWCNTs. For tissue response studies, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used as a tissue model for an 8-day implantation period. The average vascular density of the tissue surrounding the sensor with simultaneous, sequential or no delivery of DX and VEGF was 1.24 ± 0.35 × 10-3 vessels/μm2, 1.15 ± 0.30 × 10'3 vessels/ μm2 and 0.71 ± 0.20 × 10 3 vessels/μm2, respectively. Calculations of the therapeutic index (i.e., vasculature/inflammation ratio), which reflects promotion of angiogenesis versus the host immune response, demonstrated that sequential DX/VEGF delivery was 60.3% and 139.3% higher than that of VEGF and DX release alone, respectively, and was also 32.1% higher when compared with simultaneous administration, proving to be a more effective strategy in optimising the delivery of pharmacologically active molecules.
Chitosan-Based Nanocarriers
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Sumit Sharma, V.R. Sinha, Amita Sarwal, Rahul Shukla
Novel chitosan-based nanoparticles loaded in liposomes have been pharmaceutically designed to deliver a plasmid into the living tissues. Size of the chitosan nanoparticles was optimized up to 65 nm, loaded with plasmid, and then incorporated into the lipid-based system in the form of liposomes, which results in the increased size up to 100 nm. Potential of transfection of plasmid through developed particulate delivery system was proved by in vivo studies on chorioallantoic membrane. Compared with chitosan nanoparticles, the authors confirmed better transfection of plasmid through enhanced expression of colored fluorescence protein, which was complexed with plasmid using CLSM. The theory suggested that increased transfection into the fibroblasts through liposomes loaded with chitosan nanoparticles was a consequence of the lipophilicity imparted by the lipid, as chitosan otherwise requires certain chemical modifications in order to increase the transfection efficiency under normal physiological conditions. Also, no damage on microvasculature of blood vessels and no sign of necrosis were observed, which could be due to decreasing the cationic charge on chitosan nanoparticles, rendering them more biocompatible (Baghdan et al., 2018).
Targeted delivery and anticancer effects of Chrysin-loaded chitosan-folic acid coated solid lipid nanoparticles in pancreatic malignant cells
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Amin Farhadi, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Soroush Sadeghi, Danial Vala, Tina Khosravi
The CAM method was used to investigate the effect of CHY-SCF-NPs on angiogenesis. For that, 40 fertilized eggs were purchased and after transfer to the laboratory, disinfected and transferred to the incubator. On the second day, a window was made in the eggshell and then blocked with paraffin and the samples were transferred to the incubator in 5 groups of 8. Six days later, the windows were reopened and a gelatin sponge was placed on the chorioallantoic membrane. Then, 10 µL of the treatment medium was loaded on the sponge and then the windows were closed again and the eggs were transferred to the incubator. Four days later, the images were taken from the sponge area containing the treatment and analyzed with Image J software. The height and weight of the samples were also evaluated and their changes were plotted in an Excel chart.
Numerical simulation of mechanical properties of epiretinal membrane peeling
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Shaofeng Han, Xiaohan Yang, Yang Yang, Yu Zheng, Wu Liu, Dongmei Du
Tear force is an important factor in membrane peeling and excessive force may cause retinal hemorrhages potentially leading to irreversible damage to the eye (He et al. 2014). Gupta et al. (1999) investigated the magnitude of forces during in vitro retinal manipulation in porcine cadaver eyes and found that about 75% of the interaction forces were below 7.5 mN and only 19% of the forces could be perceived by the surgeons. Sunshine et al. (2013) measured the forces of retinal tears during vitrectomy of a live rabbit using a 25-gauge force-sensing micropick, and found that a minimum force of 6.4 ± 1.4 mN was sufficient to cause the the retinal tear. As a convenient model for retinal surgery, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is often used for membrane peeling exercises (Leng et al. 2004). Sun et al. (2009), using force-sensing forceps, found that 8-12 mN of force is required for the peeling of the CAM. Similarly, He et al. (2016) found that the force required for the inner shell membrane (ISM) is between 6.07 and 34.65 mN.
Antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of quercetin-loaded olive oil nanoemulsion as potential formulation for skin hyperpigmentation
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Cristiane C. Silva, Rogério B. Benati, Taís N. C. Massaro, Karina C. Pereira, Lorena R. Gaspar, Priscyla D. Marcato
The Hen's Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test (HET-CAM) was performed on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs to identify the irritant potential of the developed QT-NE.[43,44] Fertilized chicken eggs were incubated for 10 days at 37.8 °C ± 1 °C and 50–60% relative humidity. The eggshell was removed and the inner membrane was moistened with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and it was withdrawn.[43] Afterwards, 300 μL of each sample (Free QT diluted in 1% DMSO/OL, QT-NE, NE without QT) was added to the egg chorioallantoic membrane and compared with eggs exposed to Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 1% (w/w) as positive control and 0.9% NaCl solution as a negative control. The samples were kept in contact with the membrane for 20 s, washed and then rinsed with saline solution. Afterwards, the irritating effects of hyperemia, hemorrhage and coagulation were monitored over for 5 min using by stereo microscope (SZT – Led#, Bel Photonics, Brazil). Each sample, in quadruplicate, was given a score regarding the appearance of the phenomena concerning time. Then, the samples were classified as nonirritant (score 0-0.9), a slight irritant (score 1-4.9), moderately irritant (score 5-8.9), and severe irritant (score 9-21).[43–45]