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Brain Motor Centers and Pathways
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The cerebellum is connected to the dorsal aspect of the brainstem by three large fiber bundles on either side, referred to as the cerebellar peduncles, and identified as: the inferior cerebellar peduncle, or restiform body, the middle cerebellar peduncle, or brachium pontis, and the superior cerebellar peduncle, or brachium conjunctivum.
Effect of axonal fiber architecture on mechanical heterogeneity of the white matter—a statistical micromechanical model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Hesam Hoursan, Farzam Farahmand, Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian
Human brain white matter consists of axonal bundles which connect nerve cell bodies mostly located in the grey matter. A sudden inertial loading on the head can cause Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) of white matter, which involves axonal damage in a variety of modes. Among the failure modes of axons, rapid stretching of neural tracts, leading to the impairment of axoplasmic transport and subsequent swelling and neuropathologic problems, has been reported to be the prevailing failure mode (McKenzie et al. 1996; Smith and Meaney 2000; Di Pietro 2013). DAI tends to occur in three anatomical regions of white matter, known as the “injury triad”: the lobar white matter (including corona radiata), the corpus callosum, and the dorsolateral quadrant of the rostal brainstem, adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle (Tsao 2012).
Computational RSM modelling of dentate nucleus neuron 2D image surface
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
Ivan Grbatinić, Nemanja Rajković, Nebojša Milošević
The dentate nucleus occupies a central position in the cerebellar circuitry, serving as a relay centre for fibres coming from the cerebellar cortex, namely from the axons of Purkinje cells (Chan-Palay 1977). It represents the largest and phylogenetically most recent of the cerebellar white matter nuclei and plays an important role as a major relay centre between the cortex and the other parts of the brain. It receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex (via the pontocerebellar system) and its efferents project via the superior cerebellar peduncle through the red nucleus to the ventrolateral thalamus (crossing over at the pontomesencephalic junction). It is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of volitional movements (Mathiak et al. 2002).