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Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The fourth ventricle is a midline structure situated behind the pons and in front of the cerebellum. It is diamond shaped from above and presents two lateral recesses on either side that pass inferiorly and anteriorly. It is continuous inferiorly with the central canal of the spinal cord. The fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space via three foramen, one central, one in the roof, known as foramen of Magendie, and one in the roof of each of the lateral recesses, known as foramen of Luschka. The ventricular system is lined with ciliated epithelium, termed ependyma.
Introduction
Published in Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty, Brain Computer Interface, 2022
Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty
There are two ventricles deep within the cerebral hemispheres called the lateral ventricles. They both connect with the third ventricle through a separate opening called the foramen of Monro. The third ventricle connects with the fourth ventricle through a long, narrow tube called the aqueduct of Sylvius. From the fourth ventricle, CSF flows into the subarachnoid space where it bathes and cushions the brain. CSF is recycled (or absorbed) by special structures in the superior sagittal sinus called arachnoid villi.
Neuroimaging
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
This lies in the posterior fossa between the pons and the cerebellum. It connects inferiorly with the central canal in the spinal cord and superiorly with the aqueduct of Sylvius. The cerebellar vermis lies posterior to the fourth ventricle.
Computational modeling and simulation of stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct due to brain tumor
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Uzair Ul Haq, Ali Ahmed, Zartasha Mustansar, Arslan Shaukat, Sasa Cukovic, Faizan Nadeem, Saadia Talay, M. Junaid Iqbal Khan, Lee Margetts
Figure 8(b) pertains to a tumor-specific case, where the pressure field is reported for a stenosed CA. In this case, a higher pressure in the lateral ventricles is observed owing to decreased outflow towards the fourth ventricle. The maximum pressure of 5.4 Pa is found in the lateral ventricles, with a pressure drop of 0.8 Pa in the third ventricle. The pressures in the CA present a unique case. A stenosed duct is practically a duct that is squeezed to a point where there is no outflow. Hence, beyond that point no fluid enters, which makes the pressure in that section drop below the surrounding pressures. This confirms that under a stenosed CA, the pressure in the CA and the fourth ventricle drops significantly, and the pressure in the lateral ventricles increases, indicating distension of the lateral ventricles.
The effect of ventricular volume increase in the amplitude of intracranial pressure
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
João Apura, Jorge Tiago, Alexandra Bugalho de Moura, José Artur Lourenço, Adélia Sequeira
The 3 D model represents the space occupied by CSF and surrounding solid structures. The solid structures are composed of two large lateral and symmetric ventricles (LV) with the shape of a slightly deformed “C”, a third ventricle with a cylindrical form and a fourth ventricle with a rhomboid geometry. The third and fourth ventricles are located between both lateral ventricles, in the median sagittal plane (Kurtcuoglu et al. 2005). For the lateral ventricles, it was considered a diameter of 4 mm an overall height of 60.5 mm and a length of 73.5 mm which are approximations to those referenced in (Sweetman et al. 2011). The cylindrical structure of the third ventricle was modeled with 10 mm depth and with an anterior-posterior length of approximately 30 mm (Furlan et al. 2008). This was accomplished with an elliptical base having a greater radius of 15.25 mm and a smaller radius of 6.25 mm. The fourth ventricle was designed with length 9 mm width 7.75 mm and height 3 mm All structures were hollow, with a wall thickness of 0.25 mm.