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Naturally Occurring Polymers—Animals
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
Another broad finding in examining the human genome concerns the rate of recombination. Recombination involves the cleavage, rejoining and insertion of sequences of nucleic acids by enzymes. In fact, recombinant DNA is the result of such recombination. In general, the average recombination rate increases as the length of the chromosome arm decreases. Long chromosome arms have a recombination rate that is about half that of shorter arms. Second, the recombination rate is less near the centromere and greater in the more distant portions of the chromosomes. This effect is most pronounced for men. The centromere is an essential site for the equal and orderly distribution of chromosomal units during cell formation, meiosis.
Recognition of the Most Common Trisomies through Automated Identification of Abnormal Metaphase Chromosome Cells
Published in Mohamed Lahby, Utku Kose, Akash Kumar Bhoi, Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities, 2021
Reem Bashmail, Muna Al-Kharraz, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Wadee Alhalabi, Mai Fadel
The centromere is identified by applying the horizontal projection vectors from a binary image. Because it has only ones and zeros, the binary image is processed for projection vector calculation. The horizontal projection is obtained by adding all the ones of each row pixels. Figure 7.8 shows the horizontal projection vector for the given input image. This helps in identifying the centromere position, a vital feature for chromosome classification.
Autoantibodies and cancer among asbestos-exposed cohorts in Western Australia
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Renee N Carey, Jean C Pfau, Marvin J Fritzler, Jenette Creaney, Nicholas de Klerk, Arthur W (Bill) Musk, Peter Franklin, Nita Sodhi-Berry, Fraser Brims, Alison Reid
Immunoassays were performed by the Mitogen Diagnostics Laboratory (Calgary, Alberta, Canada). The levels of antibodies against 13 nuclear antigens were evaluated: dsDNA, Sm, histone (H2A, H2B, H3, H4), Jo-1 (histidyl tRNA synthetase), ribonucleoprotein (RNP), ribosomal P protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), SSA/Ro60, SSB/La, Ro52/TRIM21, PM-Scl, Scl-70 (topoisomerase 1), centromere B (CENP-B). This multiplexed extractable nuclear antibody (ENA) profile utilized an addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA) provided by TheraDiag (FIDIS: Paris, France). Cutoffs were established using internal calibrators provided by the manufacturers and control sera included with each assay run. Results were expressed as chemiluminescence intensity units (CIU) for ALBIA.
Cytogenetic surveillance of persons occupationally exposed to genotoxic chemicals
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2018
Jelena Pajic, Dubravka Jovicic, Aleksandar P. S. Milovanovic
The aim of this study was assessment of genetic damage, which included detection of certain chromosome changes (chromatid and chromosome type aberrations, premature centromere division) and micronuclei observed at the cytogenetic level, in persons exposed to various chemical agents in medical, agricultural, and industrial occupations in Serbia and in control individuals from the general Serbian population who had never been exposed to genotoxic agents except from the environment.