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Introduction: Background Material
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
It is helpful to note the meaning of some terms that are commonly used to designate relative anatomical locations in the CNS: Rostral: situated toward a rostrum or beaklike projection, such as the oral and nasal region. In humans, it denotes a higher location for areas in the spinal cord, and a more frontal location for areas in the brain.Caudal: situated toward a tail-like structure. It denotes a lower location in humans and a more posterior location in quadrupeds.Anterior: located toward the front or facing forward.Posterior: relating to the dorsal side in humans and to the rear end of the body in quadrupeds.Ventral: relating to the abdomen, or the frontal direction of the body; often used synonymously with “anterior”.Dorsal: relating to the back in humans or to the upper direction in quadrupeds.
A comparison of intervertebral ligament properties utilized in a thoracic spine functional unit through kinematic evaluation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Michael Polanco, Stacie Ringleb, Michel Audette, Rumit Kakar, Sebastian Bawab
The RoM of the rib was taken at applied moments of ±0.1 Nm in all three planes and compared with average RoM data acquired from Duprey et al. (2010) and Lemosse et al. (1998). Overall, the model RoM is shown to be within range of the data shown in the bar graphs (Figure 4b–d). Additionally, rib angular displacement for each direction was acquired using the trigonometric equations documented in Duprey et al. (2010). The model response was compared with the characteristic stiffness corridor and specimen responses derived from the in vitro experimental results. The torsion and ventral–dorsal responses from the model are mostly within the corridor. While the caudal (−My) response lies within the corridor, the cranial (+My) response (Figure 4b) reveals stiffer behavior due to contact between the rib head and the vertebra with increasing torque. Though it has been shown that the CV joint is stiffer in the mid-thoracic region due to a larger rib cross-section (Lemosse et al. 1998), differences in contact surface morphology between specimen and model vertebrae likely produced the discrepancy. Nonetheless, the CV ligament configuration was considered acceptable for application in subsequent analyses.
The Bolton Treo endograft for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms: just another trimodular platform?
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Efstratios Georgakarakos, Theodoros Kratimenos, Andreas Koutsoumpelis, George S. Georgiadis
The length of the overlap between the main-body and the limb extensions is highly adjustable, necessitating minimum overlap of 2 cm on either site and facilitating an adjustable zone of 3 and 1 cm for the ipsilateral and contralateral limb, respectively. As with other trimodular endografts, the Treo design is considered beneficial since their long limbs preclude or reduce the rate of using extra limb extensions (thus raising the cost) to complete the EVAR procedure safely. Another exclusive characteristic of Treovance is the unique ‘lock-stent’ mechanism of five rounded bards facing intraluminaly and located at the caudal end of the second most distal stent of the endograft’s limb gates. This mechanism is employed to secure modular fixation and counteract displacement forces predisposing to dissociation and type III endoleak.
Influence of morphology and material properties on the range of motion of the costovertebral joint – a probabilistic finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Benedikt Schlager, Frank Niemeyer, Christian Liebsch, Fabio Galbusera, Julius Boettinger, Daniel Vogele, Hans-Joachim Wilke
The biomechanical properties of the CVJ were first investigated by Schultz (Schultz et al. 1974a). They performed in vitro studies using five human costovertebral articulations at six rib levels by measuring the displacements in superior-inferior, posterior-anterior and medial-lateral direction. Their results indicated that the stiffness varies depending on the loading direction and the rib level. The stiffness of the CVJ increased from T1 to the mid-thoracic region, and decreased towards the lower rib levels. Lemosse et al. identified that the rotational stiffness along the axis of the rib head was lower than around the cranial-caudal and posterior-anterior axis (Lemosse et al. 1998).