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Respiratory system and chest
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Rupture of the thoracic aorta is the most catastrophic injury associated with chest trauma. Full thickness or complete aortic rupture is usually fatal. Approximately 20 per cent of aortic ruptures are not full thickness, i.e. the outer aortic wall (adventitia) is intact. If left untreated, incomplete aortic rupture has a high mortality rate; delayed complete rupture occurs in most cases within four months of trauma. Only around 5 per cent of incomplete ruptures develop a false aneurysm, associated with a normal lifespan.
Pediatric and adolescent injury in motocross
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2018
Cody L. Nesvick, Joseph R. Kapurch, David J. Daniels
As defined by the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, a catastrophic injury is an injury that results in a fatality or in a non-fatal brain or spinal cord injury or skull or spinal fracture (Kerr et al., 2014). Catastrophic injuries such as paresis, spinal cord injury or even death are generally rare in sports but are nonetheless documented in pediatric motocross racing. Across all included studies, there were four documented mortalities (Abdelgawad et al., 2013; Arena et al., 2017; Pomerantz et al., 2005; Williams et al., 2017). Williams et al. (2017) detailed a C2-3 fracture with near-transection of the spinal cord in a 16-year-old boy involved in an in-air collision. His ISS was 75, and he eventually expired due to respiratory failure after withdrawal of care three days post-accident. Daniels, Clarke, et al. (2015) reported three patients that had permanent neurological deficits including hemiparesis and spinal cord injury. To further highlight the timeliness of this discussion, a death of a teenager was recorded following an ATV accident at a motocross racetrack within our catchment area in the months preceding this publication (Yang, 2017).