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Lasers in Medicine: Healing with Light
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
Many people develop cataracts – milky structures in the lens of the eye – as they age, leading to a gradual loss of vision. These can be easily corrected through surgery to remove the cataract, often using intense ultrasound to break up the entire lens, and suction to remove the resulting debris. A plastic substitute lens is inserted at the same time to restore vision. This technique is extremely successful at restoring good vision to people who would otherwise grow progressively blind. However, around 25% of the time, opaque regions reform around the new lens. In a procedure called posterior capsulotomy, surgeons can use YAG lasers to vaporize these opacifications, producing debris that can be absorbed by the eye (Figure 3.1b).
Numerical modelling to assess the tear force of human capsulotomy margin
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
A cataract is a common eye disease that makes our transparent lens cloudy. Cataract surgery is one of the most performed ophthalmic procedures to treat cataracts and it mainly contains four steps: creating corneal incisions; opening the anterior lens capsule, which is conventionally named as capsulotomy; emulsifying and removing the opacified lens; and subsequently placing the intraocular lens (IOL) (Auffarth et al. 2013). The capsulotomy provides the surgeon with a channel for surgical instruments to enter the capsule bag so that the natural crystalline lens can be fragmented and removed, and IOL can be inserted (Werner et al. 2010). The tear force of the capsulotomy edge is a crucial parameter to guarantee the safe performance of the subsequent steps (Morgan et al. 1996; Rajabi et al. 2007; Carifi et al. 2015). If the edge is not strong enough, it is easy to tear the capsule bag. Nowadays, the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) is the universal approach to the anterior capsule removal, which can ensure the edge of the capsule bag has sufficient resistance to tearing (Gimbel and Neuhann 1990; Assia et al. 1991).