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Medical and Mathematical Background
Published in Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza, Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, 2020
Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza
The clinical examination of glaucoma has a wide variety of modalities that contribute to the identification of the disease. This variation of modalities arises from the complex nature of the glaucoma pathology, where no single modality can provide a definite decision. For example, measuring the IOP as a major risk factor for glaucoma is not sufficient because its increase could be due to other diseases. The examination relies on evaluating the major features of glaucoma, which are the visual function and the appearance of the optic disc. In addition, ocular hypertension is an important indicator of the likelihood of having glaucoma and a determining factor for its progression path.
Synthesis and evaluation of modified lens using plasma treatment containing timolol-maleate loaded lauric acid-decorated chitosan-alginate nanoparticles for glaucoma
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Maryam Sadat Hosseini, Mojdeh Mohseni, Masood Naseripour, Mehdi Mirzaei, Kowsar Bagherzadeh, Sayyed Amirpooya Alemezadeh, Bita Mehravi
Ocular hypertension associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the reason for glaucoma [5]. Pharmacological and surgical treatments try to prevent the progression of the disease and new damage by reducing IOP [6]. Timolol-maleate (TM) is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist as an effective drug treatment for glaucoma [7]. Although 90% of the drugs are in the form of eye drops, these formulations are very weak in penetrating with a high rate of elimination. The increment of systemic absorption of TM, and side effects in the central nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, limit this drug’s clinical applications [8, 9].
Conceptual design considerations for a wireless intraocular pressure sensor system for effective glaucoma management
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Wolfgang Fink, Shaun Brown, Andres Nuncio Zuniga, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Thomas George
The number of people afflicted by open angle glaucoma (OAG) and angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is expected to rise from 60.5 million people in 2010 to 79.6 million people in 2020 [1,2], i.e., ∼1% of the world population. Glaucoma represents the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide [3]. Ocular hypertension and increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) lead to nerve fibre atrophy and permanent visual field loss, both characteristics of untreated glaucoma. These estimates critically emphasise the need for glaucoma screening and treatment to avoid a preventable form of vision loss.