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The Feasibility of Conducting Epidemiologic Studies of Populations Residing Near Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites
Published in Frederick C. Kopfler, Gunther F. Craun, Environmental Epidemiology, 2019
Gary M. Marsh, Richard J. Caplan
An appropriate situation for an ambidirectional study is one in which it is possible to identify most new cases (or deaths) of one or more rare diseases in a large population by using existing information systems, such as employment or insurance records, a disease registry, or vital records. An example of such an application is the work of Lyon et al. [24] who studied cancer clustering around a coke oven and uranium tailing dump. In this study, the distribution of distances to the point source of exposure (i.e., the exposure variable) for cases of lung cancer in a two-county area between 1966 and 1975 was compared to the distribution for a control group of other cancer cases that occurred in the same area and time period. Both the cases and controls were drawn from the Utah Cancer Registry.
Health effects and the baby boomers — childhood
Published in J. Mangano Joseph, Low-Level Radiation and Immune System Damage, 2018
Thus, Connecticut’s cancer registry, established in 1935, is used as a proxy for national patterns of cancer cases. Since Connecticut had no operating nuclear reactors until 1967, there is no opportunity to examine trends in childhood cancer incidence among Baby Boomers living near nuclear plants. However, Connecticut’s cancer registry gives us the chance to analyze childhood cancer patterns as a result of low-level radiation exposure to distant emissions during the Baby Boom years, such as discharges from Hanford/Oak Ridge and atmospheric bomb testing in Nevada.
The Paradox of Herbicide 2,4-D Epidemiology
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
Gregory G. Bond, Ralph R. Cook
Using a similar approach, Wiklund et al.66 studied more than 350,000 Swedish men identified from a national census as having been employed in agriculture or forestry. Linkage was made to a central cancer registry. The study found no increased risk for STS among either the total group of workers or among any of six subsets defined by presumed level of phenoxy herbicide exposure. Moreover, no time-related increase in these cancers was observed despite the greatly increased use of phenoxy acid herbicides between 1947 and 1970.
Tracking diseases related to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Currently cancer registries are operated in all US states and collect information on cancer, including treatment and case demographics. Cancer registry data are used to generate US annual cancer statistics, including the overall magnitude and trend of cancer in the US. CDC’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) is tasked with administering the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), which supports cancer registries and promotes the use of cancer registry data in 46 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the US Pacific Island Jurisdictions, and the US Virgin Islands. The remaining four states and six metropolitan areas operate cancer registries through funding from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The NPCR and SEER programs, together, collect cancer data for the entire US population.11