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Nano Resveratrol: A Promising Future Nanonutraceutical
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Chahinez Houacine, Kamalinder K. Singh
A study has shown that resveratrol could increase lifespan in obese mice, though its role in improving lifespan in healthy mammals has not yet been established. Resveratrol may not increase longevity, but it might extend the period of time in one’s life before one develops a chronic disease, that is, health span, which is used to prevent or treat many chronic diseases related to aging in humans (Silk and Smoliga, 2014). Lately, resveratrol derivatives have been shown to extend the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans, making them promising candidates for investigation as anti-aging bioactives (Fischer et al., 2017).
Microfluidic Technologies for Accelerating the Clinical Translation of Nanoparticles
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Pedro M. Valencia, Omid C. Farokhzad, Rohit Karnik, Robert Langer
Nanoparticles exhibiting promising results in vitro are subsequently evaluated in vivo, which is considerably more expensive and resource intensive, especially in non-human primates. Although most of the parameters, such as pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and efficacy, are evaluated in mice and larger animals, tracking physiological effects of nanoparticles on animal development could potentially be obtained using a large number of smaller organisms. The zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans worms are well-known models for studying fundamental mechanisms and progression of human diseases, and for drug screening [44]. For example, the zebrafish was recently used as an in vivo model to develop a hazard ranking for engineered nanoparticles based on their impact on mortality rate and morphological defects in zebrafish embryos exposed to these materials [45]. However, current methods for manipulating these organisms generally suffer from low throughput, low automation and imprecise delivery of external stimuli [46]. To solve these challenges, engineered microfluidic systems with dimensions comparable to small organisms and containing valves and suction points have been developed. These systems enable precise manipulation of these organisms with respect to placement and orientation for high-throughput screening [46, 47] (Fig. 3.3d). Other microfluidic systems are being developed that are capable of imaging dynamic cellular processes in small organisms, such as cell division and migration, degeneration, aging and regeneration [48]. With such technologies in place, it might be possible to use real-time microscopy to track physiological responses to fluorescently labelled nanotherapeutics and nano-imaging agents, as well as assess the distribution and efficacy of nanoparticles at both the organ and body level. Furthermore, real-time tracking of nanoparticle-induced toxicity at different concentrations and conditions in small organisms could enable rapid selection of nanoparticles (especially those made with novel synthetic materials) that are more likely to be non-toxic in larger animals.
Gentamicin encapsulated within a biopolymer for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infected skin ulcers
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
José Lúcio Pádua Gemeinder, Natan Roberto de Barros, Giovana Sant’Ana Pegorin, Junya de Lacorte Singulani, Felipe Azevedo Borges, Marina Constante Gabriel Del Arco, Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini, Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida, Sérgio Luiz de Souza Salvador, Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
The aim of this work was to incorporate GS into the NRL biomembranes to reduce the drug side effects [37] and evaluate its antibiotic properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli present in infected skin ulcers. The interaction of the dressing with red blood cells was assessed through hemocompatibility assays, in order to investigate toxicity in vitro. Furthermore, safety tests on Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to evaluate its biocompatibility as an alternative to mammals, because this organism presents biological functions, as innate immune response, similar among mammals [38], in addition to several advantages in experimental assays [39], and its genome has already been fully sequenced [40]. As an in vivo model, C. elegans provides several characteristics that complement in vitro or cellular models [41]. Thus, the study novelty is to use testing such as hemolysis and toxicity in alternative animal model to estimate aspects of biocompatibility of the NRL-GS biomembranes.
Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in Caenorhabditis elegans
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2021
Jessica H. Hartman, Samuel J. Widmayer, Christina M. Bergemann, Dillon E. King, Katherine S. Morton, Riccardo F. Romersi, Laura E. Jameson, Maxwell C. K. Leung, Erik C. Andersen, Stefan Taubert, Joel N. Meyer
Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as an important model in biomedical and environmental toxicology. C. elegans was first described over 100 years ago by Maupas (1900) and was intermittently studied thereafter until coming to prominence as an exceptionally powerful model organism for developmental biology, neurobiology, and genetics, as a result of pioneering efforts by Sydney Brenner and colleagues in the 1970s (Nigon and Felix 2017). Although there was some early research in toxicologically relevant areas such as DNA damage and repair (Hartman and Herman 1982) and antioxidant defenses (Blum and Fridovich 1983), the first explicit efforts to develop C. elegans as a model for toxicological research were carried out by Phil Williams, David Dusenberry, and colleagues beginning in the 1980s (Williams and Dusenbery 1987, 1988, 1990a, 1990b). In the early 1990s, Jonathan Freedman’s lab worked on heavy metal response (Freedman et al. 1993; Slice, Freedman, and Rubin 1990), toxicogenomic analysis (Cui et al. 2007), and medium-throughput toxicity testing (Boyd, McBride, and Freedman 2007), and went on to establish a worm toxicology lab at the United States National Toxicology Program (Behl et al. 2015; Boyd et al. 2010, 2015, 2009; Xia et al. 2018). Starting in the mid-1990s, Christian Sternberg’s group carried out ecotoxicological studies with aquatic and sediment exposures (Hoss et al. 1997, 1999; Traunspurger et al. 1997), ultimately leading to a number of academic reports (Hagerbaumer et al. 2015; Hoss et al. 2009). Two standardized toxicology testing protocols have been published (International Standard Organization (ISO) 2020, ((ASTM), American Society of Testing and Materials. 2001). Richard Nass established the use of C. elegans for chemical-induced neurodegeneration (Nass, Miller, and Blakely 2001, 2002). Further, C. elegans has been used to study transgenerational and environmental epigenetics (Kelly 2014; Weinhouse et al. 2018). C. elegans is now a well-established model for human and ecological toxicology employed by many labs (a non-comprehensive sampling identifies approximately two dozen: (Leung et al. 2008; Boyd et al. 2010; Steinberg, Sturzenbaum, and Menzel 2008; Helmcke, Avila, and Aschner 2010; Meyer and Williams 2014; Tejeda-Benitez and Olivero-Verbel 2016; Hunt 2017; Choi et al. 2014; Honnen 2017; Ferreira and Allard 2015; Allard et al. 2013; Lenz, Pattison, and Ma 2017; Nass, Miller, and Blakely 2001a; Harrington et al. 2010; Cooper and Van Raamsdonk 2018; Liao and Yu 2005; Fitsanakis, Negga, and Hatfield 2014; Menzel et al. 2005; Harlow et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2013; Brady et al. 2019; Anbalagan et al. 2013; Clavijo et al. 2016; Hoss et al. 2009; Horsman and Miller 2016; Shomer et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2020; Haegerbaeumer et al. 2018b; Lee et al. 2020; Shen et al. 2019; Harlow et al. 2016; Dietrich et al. 2016; Xiong, Pears, and Woollard 2017)). The number of publications on toxicology and related fields in C. elegans has grown rapidly in recent years, with an even more rapid growth in pharmacology-related publications (Figure. 1).