China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cell–Cell Communications through Gap Junctions and Cancer in 3D Systems
Published in Karen J.L. Burg, Didier Dréau, Timothy Burg, Engineering 3D Tissue Test Systems, 2017
Stephanie Nicole Shishido, Thu Annelise Nguyen
Metastasis is a complex process involving cellular dissociation, tissue invasion, transport of metastatic cells via blood or lymph, extravasation to a distant site, and formation of a secondary tumor. Loss of GJIC has been observed in metastatic disease (Nicolson et al. 1988; Behrens et al. 1989; Klaunig et al. 1990; Ren et al. 1990; Yamasaki 1990; Birchmeier et al. 1991). There are two steps in which gap junctions play a role in metastasis: (1) cellular dissociation and invasion and (2) extravasation at the secondary site. Evidence indicates that a loss of GJIC correlates with metastatic potential of the primary tumor. In a metastatic breast cancer cell line, transfection with the breast metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) complementary DNA (cDNA) restores GJIC by increasing Cx43 expression and reducing Cx32, resulting in a more normal phenotype (Saunders et al. 2001). E-cadherin expression also correlates positively with GJIC (Mege et al. 1988; Jongen et al. 1991). A reduction in E-cadherin indicates a loss of co-operation between neighboring cells and reduced GJIC, leading to cellular dissociation in invasive tumors.
Wood Adhesives Containing Proteins and Carbohydrates
Published in Zhongqi He, Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 2017
In nature, cell surface glycoproteins exhibit adhesive properties (Von der Mark and Sorokin, 2002; Xu and Mosher, 2011). For example, the integrins can mediate adhesion to extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The cadherins are glycoproteins present in tissues that are involved in cell adhesion together with Ca++ ions. The selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that bind to mucins. The immunoglobulins are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells through antibodies. Mucins (commonly found in mucous membranes or saliva) contain glycoproteins that can cause the formation of a gel-like material that helps bioadhesion (Smart, 2005). The glue on spider web contains glycoproteins (Stellwagen et al., 2015). Likewise the glue in silk contains glycoproteins (Dutta et al., 2012). The structure and function of adhesive gels produced from invertebrates were reviewed by Smith (2002).
Methanolic extract of Teucrium persicum up-regulates and induces the membrane restoration of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Majid Tafrihi, Anahita Naeimi, Fatemeh Eizadifard
Over the last decades, the role of cadherins in tumor development has extensively been studied. Several studies have shown that the E-cadherin protein is a specific marker for epithelial tissues that regulates the occurrence of EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). EMT that is identified by loss of cell adhesion, down-regulation of epithelial markers including E-cadherin and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Fibronectin, plays a pivotal role in embryonic development and tumorigenesis and promotes the metastasis of advanced tumors (Bruner and Derksen 2018). There is a body of evidence that the E-cadherin protein acts as a tumor suppressor and its functional disorders result in neoplastic growth and cancer (Cepowicz et al. 2017; Na et al. 2020).
Regulation of stem cell fate and function by using bioactive materials with nanoarchitectonics for regenerative medicine
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Wei Hu, Jiaming Shi, Wenyan Lv, Xiaofang Jia, Katsuhiko Ariga
For commonly used covalently crosslinked hydrogels, the dynamic mechanical properties are often derived from cell-mediated degradation. Khetan et al. encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in covalently crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels subjected to a multi-step crosslinking protocol, from cell–mediated–degradable to non-degradable [126]. They demonstrate that the differentiation of hMSCs is directed by the generation of traction force mediated through cellular degradation of matrix. Furthermore, their work emphasizes the type of hydrogel underlying the mechanism by which stem cells respond to biophysical cues. Heilshorn et al. demonstrate that the maintenance of neural progenitor cell (NPC) stemness in 3D hydrogels is dependent on matrix degradability but interestingly is independent of cytoskeletal tension and integrin-binding ligand clustering [127]. According to their work, the underlying mechanism is increased cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact and activating β-catenin signalling. Moreover, they demonstrate that NPC proliferation and differentiation also require increased degradability. Following this study, they further clarify the role of matrix remodelling on NPC differentiation and maturation [128]. Permitting 7-day matrix remodelling prior to induction of differentiation, NPCs can differentiate into astrocytes or mature functional neurons. It is attributed to up-regulating YAP expression via cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact.
Gold nanoparticles induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and enhance the expression of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany, Mennatallah Mahfouz, Nada Ashraf, Hussein Sabit, Emre Cevik, Mokhtar El-Zawahri
E-cadherin, encoded by CDH1 gene, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that confer homotypic interactions on the surface of a neighboring cell, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain that binds to members of the catenin protein family to transduce signals to the cell.[20]CDH1 is downregulated in several types of cancers including BC.[21] Because is responsible for metastasis and progression of the disease, restoring its activity is a potential way to control BC.[22] It is not known whether AuNPs can affect CDH1, however, elucidating this association might help to design therapeutic strategies accordingly. On the other hand, targeting other genes that colocalize with familial types-related genes such as BRC2 is a potential way to regulate its action. Partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) is one of these genes that coexist with BRCA2 in the nucleus.[23]PALB2 was found to be upregulated in BC,[24] hence, treatments that inhibit its expression is useful. Similarly, the association between AuNPs and PALB2 expression was not highlighted. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the association between AuNPs exposure of BC cells and the expression profile of CDH1 and PALB2.