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Africa
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Comparative Forecasts of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Botswana Using Box-Jenkin's ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing State-Space Models
Published in Amit Kumar Tyagi, Ajith Abraham, Recurrent Neural Networks, 2023
Ofaletse Mphale, V. Lakshmi Narasimhan
Fatalities from COVID-19 had been presented in amplifying figures worldwide. By August 2021, findings showed that COVID-19 fatalities had surpassed 4.3 million, with confirmed cases exceeding 208 million worldwide [5, 6]. Once developed and manufactured, more than 4.5 billion vaccine doses had been administered globally. As of today, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 disease. Likewise, studies show that there is limited clinical researche conducted to assess the effectiveness of potential COVID-19 treatments [7–10]. In the absence of specific treatment of COVID-19 disease, health care systems of individual countries remain as the decisive factor when it comes to treatment and management approaches, specifically provision of medications to relieve symptoms, supplemental oxygen administration, fluid therapy, supportive diet, and other factors [11, 12]. Some critical recovery measures have also been delineated by [5]) such as self-isolation, drinking of plenty of water, consumption of paracentamol, personal hygiene, and adequate rests.
Exploratory data analysis, classification, comparative analysis, case severity detection, and internet of things in COVID-19 telemonitoring for smart hospitals
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Aysha Shabbir, Maryam Shabbir, Abdul Rehman Javed, Muhammad Rizwan, Celestine Iwendi, Chinmay Chakraborty
The economy of such a significant number of nations is going on the declined state because of this novel-coronavirus. From such a vast number of cases, it is affirmed that COVID-19 transmit through person-to-person and spreads worldwide. Additionally, no such legitimate medication and antibody exist yet on this novel COVID-19 treatment. It is challenging for researchers to diagnose it appropriately concerning efficient detection algorithms and based on the categorised severity level. This research is intended to provide the exploratory data analysis of different symptoms and comorbidities, the comparison of different MLAs on CT images, analysed the performance of different kernel classifiers while performing the case severity detection of COVID-19 (with the outperforming results of the Boosted tree are acquired having 72.3% precision-rate), and provided a fuzzy logic-based case severity detection model. With technological advancements, it does not tend to be out of the ordinary that internet accessibility is everywhere. In addition, lower-cost sensors are elementary to interface with other sensors and devices to cater to worldwide data such as healthcare data. Moreover, these sensors require low-power and ready-to-play out work, similar to intensive hardware devices. Accordingly, we proposed a model for the telemonitoring of COVID-19 patients to monitor case severity progression continuously. In this way, IoT can be utilised in the telemonitoring of COVID-19 patients. Open issues for future research are increasing the accuracy rate of case-severity monitoring further and utilising these frameworks for real-time systems.
Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Medical Ozone Therapy on Covid-19: A Review Study
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
The use of chloroquine and its derivatives as a part of COVID-19 therapy regimens has been debated extensively in numerous studies. The WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium (White et al. 2020) declared, hydroxychloroquine was found to provide no additional benefit in COVID-19 treatment in terms of mortality rate. However, maybe because of a lack of knowledge at the time and in an effort to get the best possible clinical outcomes, several studies used this compound along with ozone (Tascini et al. 2021; Fernández-Cuadros et al. 2020; Araimo et al. 2021; Franzini et al. 2020; Schwartz et al. 2020; Hernández et al. 2021). According to the findings of Zheng et al. (2020), ozone treatment can help patients to recover their clinical condition and repair their chest CT imaging, and reduce viral shedding and hospitalization. It can be concluded that ozone therapy is used as an adjuvant to conventional treatment in order to increase the efficacy of antivirals. It can improve clinical status and lower viral load more quickly than the antiviral treatment alone, leading to faster recovery. This rapid recovery is achieved by the destruction and instability of the phospholipid components of viral envelope by using the antivirals with ozone.
COVID-19: a pandemic challenging healthcare systems
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2021
Lidong Wang, Cheryl Ann Alexander
According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) Office of Infectious Diseases, there are a few definitive treatment regimens for use with COVID-19 patients dependent upon their progress along the pathogenicity of the disease. And while the NIH and Federal Drug Administration (FDA) have come to an agreement on what therapies should be used for what pathway the patient is in, the FDA has agreed on several Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) to treat COVID-19. While drugs that have the special EAUs are being used depending upon the clinical progression of the patient’s disease, there are still other diseases in clinical trials, etc. According to scientists at the NIH, there are two main processes along the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel, 2021). Early in the disease, COVID-19 is driven by SARS-CoV-2 viral particles within the cells of the human host. However, later during COVID-19, symptoms are typically caused by an exaggerated inflammatory/immune response, which causes tissue damage, fluid in the lungs, activation of the clotting cascade causing microthrombi, and other similar symptoms caused by release of cytokines. Scholars have named this stage as the “Cytokine Storm”, where the disease is primarily driven by the activation of many various cytokines causing an acute and severe inflammatory response (Aid et al., 2020). Based on this evaluation of the two stages of COVID-19, antivirals and convalescent plasma therapies would be more effective during the initial stage of COVID-19, while immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory drugs would be most effective during the second stage of COVID-19 (COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel, 2021).