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Biological Hazards
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s Reference and Study Guide, 2020
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. Occupations of interest in regard to brucellosis include meatpacking house employees and inspectors, livestock producers, and marketers. These bacteria are primarily passed among animals, and they cause disease in many different vertebrates. Various Brucella species affect sheep, goats, cattle, deer, elk, pigs, dogs, and several other animals. Humans become infected by coming in contact with animals or animal products that are contaminated with these bacteria. In humans, brucellosis can cause a range of symptoms that are similar to the flu and may include fever, sweats, headaches,back pains, and physical weakness. Severe infections of the central nervous systems or lining of the heart may occur. Brucellosis can also cause long-lasting or chronic symptoms that include recurrent fevers, joint pain, and fatigue.
Biological Terrorist Agents
Published in Robert A. Burke, Counter-Terrorism for Emergency Responders, 2017
Incubation periods vary from 5 to 30 days, and in some cases, many months. Evidence of human-to-human transmission of the disease has not been documented. Side effects include depression and mental status changes. Osteoarthritic complications involving the axial skeleton are also common. Death is uncommon even in the absence of treatment. Treatment of brucellosis involves the administration of antibiotics tetracycline and streptomycin or TMP-SMX. The disease is resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin. Brucellosis bacteria remains active outside a host in carcasses and organs for up to 135 days, in paper 32 days, in soil for 125 days, and in blood for 180 days at 40°F. It is susceptible to moist heat of 250°F for at least 15 minutes, and dry heat of 320–340°F for a minimum of 1 hour. Effective disinfectants include 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, iodine/alcohol solutions, glutaraldehyde, and formaldehyde. There is no vaccine available for use in humans.
Biological Hazards
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s, 2015
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. Occupations of interest in regard to brucellosis include meatpacking house employees and inspectors, livestock producers, and marketers. These bacteria are primarily passed among animals, and they cause disease in many different vertebrates. Various Brucella species affect sheep, goats, cattle, deer, elk, pigs, dogs, and several other animals. Humans become infected by coming in contact with animals or animal products that are contaminated with these bacteria. In humans, brucellosis can cause a range of symptoms that are similar to the flu and may include fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. Severe infections of the central nervous systems or lining of the heart may occur. Brucellosis can also cause long-lasting or chronic symptoms that include recurrent fevers, joint pain, and fatigue.
Seropositivity in animals and risk of occupational brucellosis among abattoirs personnel associated with poor work practices and absence of safety policy in Egypt
Published in International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2018
Amira M. Zakaria, Salwa F. Ahmed, Mohamed S. Motawae
Brucellosis is a crucial zoonosis that is considered an underdiagnosed and underdocumented occupational issue, and it remains a significant public health problem in endemic countries, such as Egypt [1]. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by species of the genus Brucella. Infection is usually transmitted to humans by direct or indirect contact with animals carrying the disease or their products [2,3]. Thus, brucellosis tends to be recognized as a work-related condition among individuals who are in direct contact with animals, such as abattoir workers [4].